ReviewMicroorganisms2023
Long COVID-19 Pathophysiology: What Do We Know So Far?
Review in Microorganisms, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Factors influencing work ability and return-to-work in individuals affected by post-COVID: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of HIIT in Individuals with Long COVID: Insights into the Potential Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Exploratory comparison of PASC and SARS-CoV-2 infection through metabolomics and lipidomics in early pandemic and Omicron-era.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- The role of genetic liability for psychiatric disorders and personality traits in post covid syndrome: data from three Nordic population cohorts.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Long term cardiometabolic outcomes in COVID positive patients.Journal of public health research · 2026Review
- Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection symptom network centrality analysis of Taiwan population to unveil intricate symptomatology patterns.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Early clinical and laboratory markers associated with post-COVID respiratory syndrome: A retrospective analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Facilitators of and barriers to participation in Long COVID research: A qualitative analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Predictors of Long COVID: older adults, women, and an incomplete COVID-19 vaccination schedule.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Amyloid Fibrils Impair Fibrin Formation and Fibrinolysis.Biochemistry · 2025Article
- Interest of ventilation/perfusion SPECT/CT in patients with post-COVID condition: a multicenter observational study.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Observational
- Cardio-Pulmonary Features of Long COVID: From Molecular and Histopathological Characteristics to Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Vaxtherapy, a Multiphase Therapeutic Protocol Approach for Longvax, the COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Disease: Spike Persistence as the Core Culprit and Its Downstream Effects.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mitigating fatigue in long COVID patients with MYPBMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Cardiac symptoms in patients 3-6 months after contracting COVID-19- data from the polish STOP-COVID registry.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Impact of Pulmonary Comorbidities on COVID-19: Acute and Long-Term Evaluations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of Long COVID in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Long-Term Functional Impairments: A Post Hoc Analysis Focusing on Patients Admitted to the ICU in the COVID-19 Recovery Study II.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination influence in the development of long-COVID clinical phenotypes.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Food and medicine homology: a potential nutritional intervention strategy for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long COVID-19 is a recognized entity that affects millions of people worldwide. Its broad clinical symptoms include thrombotic events, brain fog, myocarditis, shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle pains, and others. Due to the binding of the virus with ACE-2 receptors, expressed in many organs, it can potentially affect any system; however, it most often affects the cardiovascular, central nervous, respiratory, and immune systems. Age, high body mass index, female sex, previous hospitalization, and smoking are some of its risk factors. Despite great efforts to define its pathophysiology, gaps remain to be explained. The main mechanisms described in the literature involve viral persistence, hypercoagulopathy, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, hyperinflammation, or a combination of these. The exact mechanisms may differ from system to system, but some share the same pathways. This review aims to describe the most prevalent pathophysiological pathways explaining this syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.