ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Hard Flaccid Syndrome: A Biopsychosocial Management Approach with Emphasis on Pain Management, Exercise Therapy and Education.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hard-flaccid syndrome: a systematic review of aetiopathophysiology, clinical presentation and management.International journal of impotence research · 2026Pooled it
- Comment on: Hard-flaccid syndrome: a report of two cases.International journal of impotence research · 2026Article
- Response to Comment on: Hard-flaccid syndrome: a report of two case.International journal of impotence research · 2026Article
- Hard-flaccid syndrome: a report of two cases.International journal of impotence research · 2025Article
- Hard-Flaccid syndrome: a survey of sexual medicine practitioners' knowledge and experience.International journal of impotence research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hard flaccid syndrome (HFS) is a rather rare, acquired clinical entity affecting young men's well-being, sexual and social life. HFS presents with a cluster of symptoms including penile-specific somatosensory disturbances, a semi-rigid penis at the flaccid state without any stimulation or desire, erectile dysfunction, perineal and/or penile pain, associated urinary symptoms, emotional distress as well as other psychosocial and stress-related manifestations. Although its pathophysiology is still not well understood, initial penile trauma causing minor nerve and vascular disturbances to the penis and associated pelvic floor musculature is suggested to trigger the syndrome. Despite the scarcity of research on HFS, the present report describes a case of a young male clinically diagnosed with HFS, who benefited from a biopsychosocial management strategy, focusing on pain management, therapeutic exercise approaches, such as pelvic floor exercise re-education, graded exposure to activity as well as education on lifestyle and stress-related modifications. This holistic management approach has been clinically reasoned in this case report, and the need for more evidence-based studies developing diagnosing criteria, elaborating pathophysiological mechanisms and testing the efficiency of different therapeutic options is highlighted.
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Registered trials
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