ArticleBiomedicines2023
Long-Term Use of Immunosuppressive Agents Increased the Risk of Fractures in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: An 18-Year Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Biomedicines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Nanoparticles for autoimmune diseases: advancing diagnostics and therapeutic solutions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Article
- Effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on bone health (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Immune Modulation with Oral DNA/RNA Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Challenges and future perspectives in using mesenchymal stem cells for efficient bone fracture healing.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- MethylGPT: a foundation model for the DNA methylome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The risk of fractures is higher in patients with autoimmune diseases, but it is not clear whether the use of immunosuppressive agents can further increase this risk. To investigate this issue, a retrospective study was conducted using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients diagnosed with autoimmune diseases between 2000 and 2014, including psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, were included in the study. A control group of patients without autoimmune diseases was selected from the same database during the same period. Patients with autoimmune diseases were divided into two sub-cohorts based on their use of immunosuppressive agents. This study found the risk of fractures was 1.14 times higher in patients with autoimmune diseases than in those without. Moreover, we found that patients in the immunosuppressant sub-cohort had a higher risk of fractures compared to those in the non-immunosuppressant sub-cohort. The adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio for shoulder fractures was 1.27 (95% CI = 1.01-1.58), for spine fractures was 1.43 (95% CI = 1.26-1.62), for wrist fractures was 0.95 (95% CI = 0.75-1.22), and for hip fractures was 1.67 (95% CI = 1.38-2.03). In conclusion, the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents in patients with autoimmune diseases may increase the risk of fractures.
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Registered trials
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