SynthesisDiabetes care2023
The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption, BMI, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A review of the relationship between dimensions of alcohol consumption and the burden of disease: 2026 update including Mendelian randomisation studies.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Baseline and longitudinal joint associations of alcohol consumption and obesity with diabetes risk: evaluating multiplicative and additive interactions.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Lifestyle factors and cardiometabolic risk.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Metabolome contribution to sex differences in the link between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes: a prospective analysis in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Global risk factors, epidemiology, and disease burden of type 2 diabetes.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Alcohol Excise Taxation, Tax Share and Revenue in the European Union and the United Kingdom in 2022: An Overview and Modelling Analysis.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Diabetes and Obesity Modify the Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Relationships between atherogenic index of plasma and body mass index with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from CHARLS.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Social and Behavioral Factors Associated With Diabetes in Southern California vs the US.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Alcohol Consumption and Liver Metabolism in the Era of MASLD: Integrating Nutritional and Pathophysiological Insights.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Histidine Metabolism Toward Imidazole Propionate Production in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Alcohol Intake, Drinking Pattern, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Three Prospective Cohorts of U.S. Women and Men.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- DAGSLAM: causal Bayesian network structure learning of mixed type data and its application in identifying disease risk factors.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Association Between Alcohol Consumption, Other Healthy Habits and Sociodemographic Variables and the Values of Different Insulin Resistance Risk Scales in 139,634 Spanish Workers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD): Position statement by an expert panel on alcohol-related liver disease.Journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Impact of Alcohol Intake on Body Composition in Patients with Steatotic Liver Disease.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Impact of Alcohol Intake on Skeletal Muscle: A Large Cross-Sectional Analysis in Japanese Adults.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Noncoding RNA and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Scoping Review of Current Research and Knowledge Gaps.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundModerate alcohol use may be associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous reviews have reached mixed conclusions. PURPOSE: To quantify the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and T2DM, accounting for differential effects by sex and BMI. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and one secondary data source. STUDY SELECTION: Cohort studies on the relationship between alcohol use and T2DM. DATA EXTRACTION: Fifty-five studies, and one secondary data source, were included with a combined sample size of 1,363,355 men and 1,290,628 women, with 89,983 and 57,974 individuals, respectively, diagnosed with T2DM. DATA SYNTHESIS: Multivariate dose-response meta-analytic random-effect models were used. For women, a J-shaped relationship was found with a maximum risk reduction of 31% (relative risk [RR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.64-0.74) at an intake of 16 g of pure alcohol per day compared with lifetime abstainers. The protective association ceased above 49 g per day (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-0.99). For men, no statistically significant relationship was identified. When results were stratified by BMI, the protective association was only found in overweight and obese women. LIMITATIONS: Our analysis relied on aggregate data. We included some articles that determined exposure and cases via self-report, and the studies did not account for temporal variations in alcohol use.
conclusionsThe observed reduced risk seems to be specific to women in general and women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Our findings allow for a more precise prediction of the sex-specific relationship between T2DM and alcohol use, as our results differ from those of previous studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.