Observational studyEuropean journal of public health2024
The sociodemographic patterning of sick leave and determinants of longer sick leave after mild and severe COVID-19: a nationwide register-based study in Sweden.
Observational study in European journal of public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of post-COVID condition in Nordic population-based registry studies.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between diagnoses linked with adverse COVID-19-related outcomes and sickness absence due to COVID-19 or COVID-19 like diagnoses: a prospective Swedish cohort study of 292 274 blue-collar workers in the retail and wholesale industry.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Covid-19 and cardiovascular disease in a total population-study of long-term effects, social factors and Covid-19-vaccination.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Long COVID-19 and longer sick leave: longitudinal study of economically active patients.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Sickness absence among blue-collar workers in the retail and wholesale industry during the COVID-19 pandemic; a longitudinal cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sickness absence among privately employed white-collar workers during the COVID-19 pandemic; a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic differences in the response to changes in COVID-19 testing guidelines.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Changes in sick notes associated with COVID-19 from 2020 to 2022: a cohort study in 24 million primary care patients in OpenSAFELY-TPP.BMJ open · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundStudies on sociodemographic differences in sick leave after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited and research on COVID-19 long-term health consequences has mainly addressed hospitalized individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the social patterning of sick leave and determinants of longer sick leave after COVID-19 among mild and severe cases.
methodsThe study population, from the Swedish multi-register observational study SCIFI-PEARL, included individuals aged 18-64 years in the Swedish population, gainfully employed, with a first positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 1 January 2020 until 31 August 2021 (n = 661 780). Using logistic regression models, analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, vaccination, prior sick leave, comorbidities and stratified by hospitalization.
resultsIn total, 37 420 (5.7%) individuals were on sick leave due to COVID-19 in connection with their first positive COVID-19 test. Individuals on sick leave were more often women, older, had lower income and/or were born outside Sweden. These differences were similar across COVID-19 pandemic phases. The highest proportion of sick leave was seen in the oldest age group (10.3%) with an odds ratio of 4.32 (95% confidence interval 4.18-4.47) compared with the youngest individuals. Among individuals hospitalized due to COVID-19, the sociodemographic pattern was less pronounced, and in some models, even reversed. The intersectional analysis revealed considerable variability in sick leave between sociodemographic groups (range: 1.5-17.0%).
conclusionIn the entire Swedish population of gainfully employed individuals, our findings demonstrated evident sociodemographic differences in sick leave due to COVID-19. In the hospitalized group, the social patterning was different and less pronounced.
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