ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Re-Emergence of HMPV in Gwangju, South Korea, after the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology, Genomic Diversity, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Metapneumovirus Over 7 Years of Integrated Community- and Hospital-Based Sentinel Surveillance in Senegal, 2018-2024.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus in Greece in the Post-COVID Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Review of Respiratory Infection Caused by the Human Metapneumovirus: Occurrence, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Public Health Outcomes, and Intervention Strategies.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus in children in Hangzhou, China.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and phylogenetic characteristics of human metapneumovirus in Beijing, China, 2014-2024.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admission in Children with Human Metapneumovirus Infections.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Multicenter Cross-sectional Study on the Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus in Italy, 2022-2024, With a Focus on Adults Over 50 Years of Age.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in a Community Setting, Seattle, Washington, USA.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection outbreak in Guangzhou, China after COVID-19 pandemic.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Seasonal and Genetic Characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus Circulating - Henan Province, China, 2017-2023.China CDC weekly · 2024Article
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13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
The non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have affected the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses. In South Korea, Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) typically occurs from winter to the following spring; however, it was not detected for two years during the COVID-19 pandemic and re-emerged in the fall of 2022, which is a non-epidemic season. To examine the molecular genetic characteristics of HMPV before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed 427 HMPV-positive samples collected in the Gwangju area from 2018 to 2022. Among these, 24 samples were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence rate of HMPV in 2022 increased by 2.5-fold. Especially in the age group of 6-10 years, the incidence rate increased by more than 4.5-fold. In the phylogenetic analysis results, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the A2.2.2 lineage was predominant, while in 2022, the A2.2.1 and B2 lineage were observed. The non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented after COVID-19, such as social distancing, have reduced opportunities for exposure to HMPV, subsequently leading to decreased acquisition of immunity. As a result, HMPV occurred during non-epidemic seasons, influencing the age distribution of its occurrences.
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