Intelligent Breast Mass Classification Approach Using Archimedes Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning on Digital Mammograms.

Breast cancer (BC) has affected many women around the world. To accomplish the classification and detection of BC, several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been introduced for the analysis of mammogram images. This is because analysis by the human radiologist is a complex and time-consuming task. Although CAD systems are used to primarily analyze the disease and offer the best therapy, it is still essential to enhance present CAD systems by integrating novel approaches and technologies in order to provide explicit performances. Presently, deep learning (DL) systems are outperforming promising outcomes in the early detection of BC by creating CAD systems executing convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This article presents an Intelligent Breast Mass Classification Approach using the Archimedes Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning (BMCA-AOADL) technique on Digital Mammograms. The major aim of the BMCA-AOADL technique is to exploit the DL model with a bio-inspired algorithm for breast mass classification. In the BMCA-AOADL approach, median filtering (MF)-based noise removal and U-Net segmentation take place as a pre-processing step. For feature extraction, the BMCA-AOADL technique utilizes the SqueezeNet model with AOA as a hyperparameter tuning approach. To detect and classify the breast mass, the BMCA-AOADL technique applies a deep belief network (DBN) approach. The simulation value of the BMCA-AOADL system has been studied on the MIAS dataset from the Kaggle repository. The experimental values showcase the significant outcomes of the BMCA-AOADL technique compared to other DL algorithms with a maximum accuracy of 96.48%.