ReviewAdvances in respiratory medicine2023
Methodological Aspects of Induced Sputum.
Review in Advances in respiratory medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-site microbiomes' response to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Diagnostic criteria for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in COPD patients.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Markers and Immune Cell Profiles in Smokers With and Without COPD.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Article
- Bronchodilator response is linked with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe childhood asthma and elevated IL-4 and IL-13.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Matrix metalloproteinases levels in induced sputum in IPF and CTD-ILD.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- A Combined Bioinformatics and Clinical Validation Study IdentifiesInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Multi-omics identifies severe asthma endotypes linked toThe World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Levels of Exhaled Fraction of Nitric Oxide (FeNO) and Type 2 Biomarkers in Individuals Naturally Exposed to Helminth Parasites in a Tropical Region.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Induced sputum: current progress and prospect.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- The success rate and safety of induced sputum is better than you think: give it a try!ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Development and qualification of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins in spontaneous sputum.Bioanalysis · 2025Article
- Induced Sputum Transcriptomics Profile and Serum C3 are Associated with Asthma Severity.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Efficacy of Sputum Cytology versus Invasive Procedures for Lung Cancer: A Comparative Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Innovating Respiratory Diagnostics: The Game-Changing Role of Biomarkers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- A critical perspective on paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis and diagnostic advancements.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aimed to conduct a state-of-the-art review of the current literature and offer further insights into the methodological aspects concerning induced sputum. The increasing popularity of sputum induction as a non-invasive and cost-effective method for obtaining lower airway secretions from patients who cannot produce sputum naturally has led to extensive research and applications in respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD. This technique allows for analysis of the cellular and biochemical components of the sputum to take place, providing insights into airway inflammation, immune cells, and help in predicting treatment response. Furthermore, induced sputum enables various analyses, including microRNA and gene expression studies and immunophenotyping. The procedure is generally safe and well tolerated, even in patients with airflow limitations; however, monitoring lung function is essential, especially in those with airway hyperresponsiveness. Optimal saline solution concentration and inhalation duration have been investigated, recommending a 15-20 min induction with hypertonic saline. Expectoration involves coughing at the end of each inhalation time. Careful handling during sputum processing is necessary for obtaining accurate results in cell cytology, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Overall, induced sputum offers significant advantages as a preferred alternative for large-scale and repeated airway sampling, despite some technical demands and limitations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.