ArticleAnnals of general psychiatry2023
Psychometric properties of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in patients with depression and its relationship to affective symptoms.
Article in Annals of general psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inhibitory neurotransmission in frontostriatal circuitry: implications for psychomotor and vegetative symptoms in depressive episodes.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Emotion anticipation and processing in depression: Behavioral, neural, and physiological reactivity.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThere is a conceptual overlap between negative and depressive symptoms, requiring further exploration to advance the understanding of negative symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in patients with depression, and to explore the relationship between the negative and affective symptoms domains.
methodsFifty-one patients with a depressive episode were included and interviewed with the CAINS and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded (BPRS-E). Self-reported depressive symptoms were collected with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Inter-rater agreement, internal consistency and validity measures were examined, as were correlations between negative and affective symptoms.
resultsThe intraclass correlation for the CAINS motivation and pleasure subscale (CAINS-MAP) was 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99) and that for the expressional subscale (CAINS-EXP) was 0.81 (95% CI 0.67-0.89). Cronbach's alpha was 0.71 (95% CI 0.57-0.82) for the CAINS-MAP and 0.86 (95% CI 0.79-0.92) for the CAINS-EXP. The correlation with the negative symptoms subscale of the BPRS-E was 0.35 (p = 0.011, blinded/different raters) or 0.55 (p < 0.001, not blinded/same rater). The CAINS-MAP correlated with the affective symptoms subscale of the BPRS-E (r = 0.39, p = 0.005) and the MADRS-S total score (r = 0.50, p < 0.001), but not with anxiety symptoms.
conclusionsNegative symptoms in depression can be assessed with the CAINS with good inter-rater agreement and acceptable internal consistency and validity. There are associations between negative and depressive symptoms that call for further exploration.
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