ArticleBMC pediatrics2023
Incompetent lip seal and nail biting as risk factors for malocclusion in Japanese preschool children aged 3-6 years.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Associated with Lip-Closing Strength in Children Undergoing Orthodontic Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Investigating the relationships among age, occlusal traits, and malocclusion severity in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Elucidation of Factors Affecting Anterior Occlusion in Primary Dentition Based on the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Accuracy of AI-based binary classification for detecting malocclusion in the mixed dentition stage.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Malocclusion Traits in Primary Dentition, 2010-2024: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalocclusion is a multifactorial condition associated with genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of occlusal traits, oral habits, and nose and throat conditions by age and to assess the association between malocclusion and its environmental factors in Japanese preschool children.
methodsA total of 503 Japanese children (258 boys and 245 girls aged 3-6 years) were recruited. Occlusal traits were assessed visually to record sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion, and space discrepancies. Lip seal was recorded by an examiner, and oral habits (finger sucking, lip sucking or lip biting, nail biting, chin resting on a hand) and nose and throat conditions (tendency for nasal obstruction, allergic rhinitis, palatine tonsil hypertrophy) were assessed by a questionnaire completed by the parents. The prevalence of each item was calculated, and binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors related to malocclusion.
results62.0% of preschool children in the present study exhibited malocclusion, and 27.8% exhibited incompetent lip seal. Nail biting was the most frequent oral habit with a prevalence of 18.9%. Nasal obstruction was recorded in 30.4% of children. The results of binary logistic regression showed that incompetent lip seal was significantly related to malocclusion, and that nail biting was significantly negatively related.
conclusionsIncompetent lip seal is significantly associated with malocclusion, but nail biting may not necessarily be a deleterious habit for the occlusion in Japanese preschool children.
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