SynthesisScientific reports2023
Cesarean section and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for allergic rhinitis in children: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Association between hypertension and hearing loss: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- The Critical Period Microbiota Shape Brain Plasticity.Research square · 2026Article
- Population-specific patterns of IgE sensitization in Northwest China.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Prevalence of adverse reactions and food allergies in Colombia: Cross-sectional national study.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- The Critical Period Microbiota Shape Brain Plasticity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota as a therapeutic target of Chinese herbal medicine in allergic rhinitis: the gut-nasal axis and immunity.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Distinct Clinical and Cytokine Features of Moderate-Severe Persistent AR Phenotype by ARIA Classification: COCOA.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2025Article
- Novel approaches to prevent or cure allergic diseases.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota development across the lifespan: Disease links and health-promoting interventions.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Can Vaginal Seeding at Birth Improve Health Outcomes of Cesarean Section-Delivered Infants? A Scoping Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Childhood Allergy Risk Among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Thailand.Cureus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple evidence indicates that perinatal factors make impact on immune development and affect offspring allergic rhinitis (AR) risk. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined available published studies to clarify the relationship between cesarean section (C-section) and offspring AR in children. To explore the relationship between C-section, especially the special attention was paid to different cesarean delivery mode, and the risk of AR in children. Articles were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China knowledge Network, Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal databases. A meta-analysis of 22 studies published before August 1, 2022, which included 1,464,868 participants, was conducted for statistical analysis with RevMan5.4. The correlation strength between C-section and offspring AR was determined by combining odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was detected using the funnel chart and Egger tests. Meta-analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between C-section and children AR (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12-1.27, P < 0.001), especially C-section with a family history of allergy (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.36-2.43, P < 0.001). Moreover, elective C-section (without genital tract microbe exposure) had the higher risk of offspring AR (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46, P = 0.010) compared with the whole study. Meta-regression demonstrated that sample size explained 38.0% of the variability between studies, and year of publication explained 18.8%. Delivery by C-section, particularly elective C-section and C-section with a family history of allergy can increase the risk of AR in children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.