ArticleNPJ vaccines2023
Human in vitro modeling of adjuvant formulations demonstrates enhancement of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigen.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Article
- Bivalent virus-like particles expressing SPECT1 and CSP trigger pre-erythrocytic malaria immunity and protect against transgenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dissecting the mechanism of action of the adjuvant system AS01 in human immune cells: synergy of QS-21 and monophosphoryl lipid A and role of type I interferons.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integration of Preclinical and Clinical Vaccine Safety and Immunogenicity Testing for Development of a Pediatric HIV Vaccine to Achieve Protective HIV Immunity Prior to Adolescence.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Innovative micro physiological systems for vaccine development.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in the Immunogenicity Landscape of Norovirus Vaccines.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Development of an in vitro method to assess the immunogenicity of biologics in the prevention of infectious diseases.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Meta-cohort study protocol using systems biology to identify vaccine safety biomarkers.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Ex vivo model of functioning human lymph node reveals role for innate lymphocytes and stroma in response to vaccine adjuvant.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Assessment ofMolecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Monitoring Immune Responses to Vaccination: A Focus on Single-Cell Analysis and Associated Challenges.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Strong immune responses and robust protection following a novel protein in adjuvant tuberculosis vaccine candidate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Methods integrating innate and adaptive immune responses in humanFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- From bark to bench: innovations in QS-21 adjuvant characterization and manufacturing.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Precision adjuvants for pediatric vaccines.Science translational medicine · 2024Review
- Modeling human immune responses to vaccination in vitro.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- Immunogenicity of Recombinant Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Vaccines: Danger Signal vs. Helping Hand.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adjuvants can enhance vaccine immunogenicity, but their mechanism of action is often incompletely understood, hampering rapid applicability for pandemic vaccines. Herein, we characterized the cellular and molecular activity of adjuvant formulations available for pre-clinical evaluation, including several developed for global open access. We applied four complementary human in vitro platforms to assess individual and combined adjuvants in unformulated, oil-in-water, and liposomal delivery platforms. Liposomal co-formulation of MPLA and QS-21 was most potent in promoting dendritic cell maturation, selective production of Th1-polarizing cytokines, and activation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific CD4
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.