ArticleCell host & microbe2023
An atlas of continuous adaptive evolution in endemic human viruses.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evolutionary trajectory and co-infection dynamics of human influenza A(H1N1) virus (2000-2025): an integrated framework informed by expert-informed bibliometrics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Enhanced Influenza Vaccines Extend A(H3N2) Antibody Reactivity in Older Adults but Prior Vaccination Effects Persist.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Emergence of the novel PA-D27G mutation conferring reduced baloxavir susceptibility in influenza A viruses circulating in China, 2018-2025.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Article
- From sites to structure to serology: a roadmap for structure-aware molecular evolution of antigenically evolving viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Epistasis facilitates the long-term antigenic evolution of the influenza B virus hemagglutinin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Selection profiles in RNA viruses reflect the characteristics of viruses more than individual proteins.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The evolutionary dynamics between viral mimics and host proteins.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- Pleiotropic mutational effects on function and stability constrain the antigenic evolution of influenza haemagglutinin.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Circular Permutation of theACS omega · 2026Article
- Unifying phylogenetic traversal and deep learning to guide tree exploration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Structural analysis of antigenic variation and adaptive evolution of the H5N1 neuraminidase gene.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Rational Design of Multiclade Coronavirus Spike Immunodominant Domain Nanoparticles to Elicit Broad Antibody Responses.Research square · 2025Article
- Article
- Unconventional linkers facilitate potent stabilized coronavirus stem antibody responses following nanoparticle vaccination.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Adjuvanted Recombinant Hemagglutinin Vaccine Provides Durable and Broad-Spectrum Immunogenicity in Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- larch: mapping the parsimony-optimal landscape of trees for directed exploration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Structure and function of a cross-neutralizing influenza neuraminidase antibody that accommodates recent N2 NA Asn245 glycosylation.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Large language models for biological sequence analysis in infectious disease research.Biosafety and health · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Through antigenic evolution, viruses such as seasonal influenza evade recognition by neutralizing antibodies. This means that a person with antibodies well tuned to an initial infection will not be protected against the same virus years later and that vaccine-mediated protection will decay. To expand our understanding of which endemic human viruses evolve in this fashion, we assess adaptive evolution across the genome of 28 endemic viruses spanning a wide range of viral families and transmission modes. Surface proteins consistently show the highest rates of adaptation, and ten viruses in this panel are estimated to undergo antigenic evolution to selectively fix mutations that enable the escape of prior immunity. Thus, antibody evasion is not an uncommon evolutionary strategy among human viruses, and monitoring this evolution will inform future vaccine efforts. Additionally, by comparing overall amino acid substitution rates, we show that SARS-CoV-2 is accumulating protein-coding changes at substantially faster rates than endemic viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.