ReviewPsychopharmacology2023
Oral ketamine may offer a solution to the ketamine conundrum.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Molecular pathways of ketamine: A systematic review of immediate and sustained effects on PTSD.Psychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and oral (S)-ketamine: Investigating metabolite contribution to subjective effects.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 1 study to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an immediate-release oral ketamine capsule in healthy volunteers.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Ketamine Use in Self-Described Therapeutic Contexts: A Thematic Analysis of Reddit Posts.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Regional, multimodal, and opioid-sparing strategies after trauma: a review.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2026Review
- Ketamine Assisted EMDR Therapy™ for PTSD: investigating the synergistic effects of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- The Behavioral and Neuroinflammatory Impact of Ketamine in a Murine Model of Depression and Liver Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Intravenous esketamine in pediatric Rett syndrome: An open-label, early phase 1 pilot study.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Personalized use of ketamine and esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- At-home, telehealth-supported ketamine treatment for depression: Findings from longitudinal, machine learning and symptom network analysis of real-world data.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Perceptual Modifying Compounds and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ketamine has received considerable attention for its rapid and robust antidepressant response over the past decade. Current evidence, in clinical populations, predominantly relates to parenterally administered ketamine, which is reported to produce significant undesirable side effects, with additional concerns regarding long-term safety and abuse potential. Attempts to produce a similar drug to ketamine, without the psychotomimetic side effects, have proved elusive. Orally administered ketamine has a different pharmacological profile to parentally administered ketamine, suggesting it may be a viable alternative. Emerging evidence regarding the efficacy and tolerability of oral ketamine suggests that it may be a favourable route of administration, as it appears to obtain similarly beneficial treatment effects, but without the cost and medical resources required in parenteral dosing. The pharmacological effects may be due to the active metabolite norketamine, which has been found to be at substantially higher levels via oral dosing, most likely due to first-pass clearance. Despite bioavailability and peak plasma concentrations both being lower than when administered parenterally, evidence suggests that low-dose oral ketamine is clinically effective in treating pain. This may also be due to the actions of norketamine and therefore, its relevance to the mental health context is explored in this narrative review.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.