ArticlePsychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)2024
Cost of Implementing mHealth in Community Mental Health Settings: External Versus Internal Facilitation.
Article in Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Cost-Effectiveness of Digitally Supported Mental Well-Being Prevention and Promotion Targeting Nonclinical Adult Populations: Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Cost and Data Quality Impact of Fraud Mitigation in Online Research: Framework Application and Evaluation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Perspectives on internal vs. external facilitation for implementing guidelines for recovery-oriented practice: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Implementing mHealth for Schizophrenia in Community Mental Health Settings: Hybrid Type 3 Effectiveness-Implementation Trial.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to compare the costs of two implementation models for the mobile health (mHealth) intervention FOCUS in community mental health settings. The external facilitation (EF) approach uses a hub-and-spoke model, in which a central specialist provides support to clinicians and clients at multiple agencies. With the internal facilitation (IF) approach, frontline clinical staff at each center are trained to serve as their organization's local specialists.
methodsFinancial and economic cost data were collected in the context of a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation trial by using a mixed-methods, top-down expenditure analysis with microcosting approaches. The analysis compared the incremental costs of both models and the costs of successfully engaging clients (N=210) at 20 centers. Costs were characterized as start-up or recurrent (personnel, supplies, contracted services, and indirect costs).
resultsThe average annual financial cost per site was $23,517 for EF and $19,118 for IF. EF yielded more FOCUS users at each center, such that the average monthly financial costs were lower for EF ($167 per client [N=129]) than for IF ($177 per client [N=81]). When using a real-world scenario based on economic costs and a lower organizational indirect rate, the average monthly cost per client was $73 for EF and $59 for IF. Both models reflected substantial cost reductions (about 50%) relative to a previous deployment of FOCUS in a clinical trial.
conclusionsCompared with IF, EF yielded more clients who received mHealth at community mental health centers and had comparable or lower costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.