ArticleBMC public health2023
Understanding covid-19 outcomes among people with intellectual disabilities in England.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 among people with intellectual disability in comparison to the general population: diagnoses, hospitalizations, deaths, and vaccinations (IDcare).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Disease burden of viral respiratory infections in people with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Intellectual and Physical Disability and Risk of COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalisation, and Mortality: A National Cohort of 3.7 Million Adults in Scotland.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Health Outcomes Among Adults With an Intellectual Disability in British Columbia, Canada.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Redesigning trials to be inclusive of people with a learning disability-a practical example.Trials · 2026Article
- Three Years on From "Stay at Home": Perspectives of People With Intellectual Disabilities About the Ongoing Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2025Article
- A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Investigation of COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Mortality Among Autistic People.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Predictors of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization in group homes for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities.Disability and health journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence from the UK from the early stages of the covid-19 pandemic showed that people with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) had higher rates of covid-19 mortality than people without ID. However, estimates of the magnitude of risk vary widely; different studies used different time periods; and only early stages of the pandemic have been analysed. Existing analyses of risk factors have also been limited. The objective of this study was to investigate covid-19 mortality rates, hospitalisation rates, and risk factors in people with ID in England up to the end of 2021.
methodsRetrospective cohort study of all people with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or death involving covid-19. Datasets covering primary care, secondary care, covid-19 tests and vaccinations, prescriptions, and deaths were linked at individual level.
resultsCovid-19 carries a disproportionately higher risk of death for people with ID, above their already higher risk of dying from other causes, in comparison to those without ID. Around 2,000 people with ID had a death involving covid-19 in England up to the end of 2021; approximately 1 in 180. The covid-19 standardized mortality ratio was 5.6 [95% CI 5.4, 5.9]. People with ID were also more likely to be hospitalised for covid-19 than people without ID. The main determinants of severe covid-19 outcomes (deaths and/or hospitalisations) in both populations were age, multimorbidity and vaccination status. The key factor responsible for the higher risk of severe covid-19 in the ID population was a much higher prevalence of multimorbidity in this population. AstraZeneca vaccine was slightly less effective in preventing severe covid-19 outcomes among people with ID than among people without ID.
conclusionsPeople with ID should be considered a priority group in future pandemics, such as shielding and vaccinations.
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Registered trials
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