Observational studyIndian journal of pediatrics2024
Comparison of Nutritional Status of Healthy Under-Five Indian Children Using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure on WHO 2006 versus 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts.
Observational study in Indian journal of pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, trends and inequalities of childhood undernutrition according to a Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Change in Grading of Stunting in Children aged 0-5 years in a Tertiary Hospital in Western India by Using WHO vs. Indian References.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Growth Chart Tailored to Evaluate Under-Nutrition in Under-Five Indian Children: A Pressing Necessity.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess nutritional status of apparently-healthy under-five Indian children using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and to compare anthropometric failure prevalence using conventional indices and CIAF on World Health Organization (WHO) vs. synthetic Indian growth charts.
methodsThis observational study was conducted over 2 y. The inclusion criteria was apparently-healthy children (0-60 mo) and the exclusion criteria were acute/chronic illness and small for gestational age.
resultsA total of 1557 children (762 girls) were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 21 mo. The Z-scores for height, weight, body mass index (BMI) for age and weight for height in children were lower on WHO vs. synthetic charts (p = 0.0001). Significantly higher proportion of children were moderately and severely underweight, stunted and wasted on WHO charts. Synthetic charts identified significantly higher proportion as normal for weight, height, BMI for age, weight for height, overweight (overall), and a higher prevalence of severe stunting, and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) was noted among girls compared to boys. Using CIAF, 54.1% children were normal on WHO charts vs. 78.0% on synthetic (p = 0.0001). Larger proportion of girls (8.8%) were stunted+underweight (category-E) vs. boys (4.3%) on synthetic charts (p = 0.0003). Significantly higher proportion of children demonstrated failure (single/dual/multiple) on WHO charts except category-Y (higher proportion of underweight on synthetic charts). Maximum difference in CIAF (WHO vs. synthetic) was observed between 0-24 mo age. Of 1215 children normal on synthetic charts, 837 (68.9%) were normal on WHO charts. Of 116 underweight children (category-Y) on synthetic charts, 20 (17.2%) were underweight on WHO charts; remaining had compound failure (wasting+underweight = 49.1%, wasting+stunting+underweight = 14.7%, stunting+underweight = 12.1%) on WHO charts. Among those stunted+underweight (category-E) on synthetic charts, WHO charts classified 1/4
conclusionsSynthetic references are more representative of Indian growth patterns, and seem more appropriate for monitoring growth of Indian children to avoid mislabelling as malnourished.
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