ArticleClinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)2023
Negative impact of Interleukin-9 on synovial regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kinase signaling in the control of regulatory T cell function: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Engaging PD-1 rescuesregulatory T cell function and inhibits inflammatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- A new 3-arylbenzofuran derivative EIE-2 reestablishes Treg-dependent tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting on Syk induced mTOR and PKCθ imbalance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Positive feedback loop PU.1-IL9 in Th9 promotes rheumatoid arthritis development.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Article
- Regulatory T lymphocytes as a treatment method for rheumatoid arthritis - Superiority of allogeneic to autologous cells.Heliyon · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been found to be enriched in the synovial fluid. Despite their accumulation, they are unable to suppress synovial inflammation. Recently, we showed the synovial enrichment of interleukin-9 (IL-9) producing helper T cells and its positive correlation with disease activity. Therefore, we investigated the impact of IL-9 on synovial Tregs in RA. Here, we confirmed high synovial Tregs in RA patients, however these cells were functionally impaired in terms of suppressive cytokine production (IL-10 and TGF-β). Abrogating IL-9/ IL-9 receptor interaction could restore the suppressive cytokine production of synovial Tregs and reduce the synovial inflammatory T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17. However, blocking these inflammatory cytokines failed to show any effect on IL-9 producing T cells, highlighting IL-9's hierarchy in the inflammatory network. Thus, we propose that blocking IL-9 might dampen synovial inflammation by restoring Tregs function and inhibiting inflammatory T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.