SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
Association of Gestational Free and Total Triiodothyronine With Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Preterm Birth, and Birth Weight: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between maternal thyroid function and adverse outcomes of pregnant women and offspring: evidence from an umbrella review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Association of Gestational Free and Total Triiodothyronine With Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Preterm Birth, and Birth Weight: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship between parity and subclinical hypothyroidism in a large cohort of pregnant women without thyroid diseases.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Comparison of Chinese and international birth weight standards in predicting early childhood growth outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Association between maternal circulating total triiodothyronine and subsequent risk of preeclampsia.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Preconception thyroid function in relation to pregnancy lipids among women attending a fertility center.Thyroid research · 2025Article
- The association between gestational diabetes mellitus and cancer in women: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Review
- Thyroid-reproductive axis interplay: immunological mechanisms and implications for female reproductive health.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Relationship between maternal obesity and first-trimester TSH in women with negative anti-TPO antibodies.European thyroid journal · 2024Article
- Serum CD5L as potential biomarker of thyroid hormone status during pregnancy.BioFactors (Oxford, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
39 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextTriiodothyronine (T3) is the bioactive form of thyroid hormone. In contrast to thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine, we lack knowledge on the association of gestational T3 with adverse obstetric outcomes.
objectiveTo investigate the associaiton of gestational free or total T3 (FT3 or TT3) with adverse obstetric outcomes.
methodsWe collected individual participant data from prospective cohort studies on gestational FT3 or TT3, adverse obstetric outcomes (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, preterm birth and very preterm birth, small for gestational age [SGA], and large for gestational age [LGA]), and potential confounders. We used mixed-effects regression models adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsThe final study population comprised 33 118 mother-child pairs of which 27 331 had data on FT3 and 16 164 on TT3. There was a U-shaped association of FT3 with preeclampsia (P = .0069) and a J-shaped association with the risk of gestational hypertension (P = .029). Higher TT3 was associated with a higher risk of gestational hypertension (OR per SD of TT3 1.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.33; P = .0007). A lower TT3 but not FT3 was associated with a higher risk of very preterm birth (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.94; P = .018). TT3 but not FT3 was positively associated with birth weight (mean difference per 1 SD increase in TT3 12.8, 95% CI 6.5 to 19.1 g, P < .0001) but there was no association with SGA or LGA.
conclusionThis study provides new insights on the association of gestational FT3 and TT3 with major adverse pregnancy outcomes that form the basis for future studies required to elucidate the effects of thyroid function on pregnancy outcomes. Based on the current study, routine FT3 or TT3 measurements for the assessment of thyroid function during pregnancy do not seem to be of added value in the risk assessment for adverse outcomes.
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