ArticleScience advances2023
Human interleukin-12α and EBI3 are cytokines with anti-inflammatory functions.
Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human neutrophilic cells express anti-inflammatory EBI3 in response to Neisseria meningitidis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2026Article
- Article
- IL35 Production After Living-donor Renal Transplantation: Relevance to Local, Exosome-mediated, Clinical Tolerance.Transplantation direct · 2026Article
- Atlas of human gut-associated lymphoid tissue reveals immunomodulatory interactions of B cells.Science immunology · 2026Article
- A Literature Review of Interleukins in the Development and Treatment of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Modeling neonatal immune response to B. pertussis identifies early B cell activation and differentiation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Bioinformatics-Guided structural characterization and immunogenicity assessment of multi-epitope vaccine candidates against Zika virus.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Genetic variants of EBI3, tumor Epstein-Barr virus, and human cytomegalovirus status in HPV-negative oral cancer.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2026Article
- Free Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 functions as an autonomous immunosuppressive cytokine to maintain immune tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tumor-Derived Interleukin 35 Promotes Fibrosis in the Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer by Activating Pancreatic Stellate Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Expression of IL-35 in the Prophase of Liver Failure and its Immune Regulatory Interaction with Glucocorticoids.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Selenium Nanosheets in Ulcerative Colitis: Protein Corona, GP130 Interaction, and Transcriptomic Profile.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- IL-12 family cytokines and autoimmune diseases: A potential therapeutic target?Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- The biology of interleukin-6 family cytokines is regulated by glycosylation.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Interleukin 35-producing B cells prolong the survival of GVHD mice by secreting exosomes with membrane-bound IL-35 and upregulating PD-1/LAG-3 checkpoint proteins.Theranostics · 2025Article
- IL-6/IL-12 superfamily of cytokines and regulatory lymphocytes play critical roles in the etiology and suppression of CNS autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Changes in Serum IL-12 Levels following the Administration of H1-Antihistamines in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Molecular cross-talk among human intestinal bifidobacteria as explored by a human gut model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Adaptive plasticity of natural interleukin-35-induced regulatory T cells (Tr35) that are required for T-cell immune regulation.Theranostics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukins are secreted proteins that regulate immune responses. Among these, the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family holds a central position in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Each family member consists of an α and a β subunit that together form a composite cytokine. Within the IL-12 family, IL-35 remains particularly ill-characterized on a molecular level despite its key role in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here we show that both IL-35 subunits, IL-12α and EBI3, mutually promote their secretion from cells but are not necessarily secreted as a heterodimer. Our data demonstrate that IL-12α and EBI3 are stable proteins in isolation that act as anti-inflammatory molecules. Both reduce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and induce the development of regulatory T cells. Together, our study reveals IL-12α and EBI3, the subunits of IL-35, to be functionally active anti-inflammatory immune molecules on their own. This extends our understanding of the human cytokine repertoire as a basis for immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.