ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
The total mass, number, and distribution of immune cells in the human body.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 184 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- BCMA-directed mRNA CAR-T cell therapy for myasthenia gravis: exploratory biomarker analysis of a placebo-controlled phase 2b trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Amino acid supplementation accelerates resolution of exercise-induced phagocyte infiltration in human skeletal muscle.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Proton arc therapy reduces the dose delivered to circulating blood compared to intensity-modulated proton therapy for head-and-neck cancer.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026Article
- Developments in Mast Cell Research.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- PLP1-triggered NOT gate to address neurotoxicity risk of PSMA-targeted prostate cancer therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Macrophage heterogeneity in human secondary lymphoid organs.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Metabolomics of in vivo inflammation identifies soluble sialic acid as a conserved myeloid-cell metabolite.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Targeting Reactive Species Stress and Nutrient Sensing to Enhance NK-Cell Function: Mechanistic Strategies for Overcoming Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Resistance Through Supplement Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A who's who of cell types in skeletal muscle.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Stromal cell-mediated tuning of the extracellular matrix for immune tissue engineering.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- A bispecific CD3×CD19 antibody for systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase 1 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Unsupervised identification of low-frequency antigen-specific TCRs using distance-based anomaly scoring.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Evolution of self-reactive B cells: lessons from a lupus model.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Targeted Delivery of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs) for Improved Treatments of Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Spontaneous lymphoproliferation differentiates two groups of HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers: with and without high cell proliferation and death.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Age-associated decline of Lamtor5 drives immunosenescence and systemic aging via cGAS-mediated paracrine inflammation.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Age dependent collective trafficking of tissue resident T cells in zebrafish.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mast Cells in the Developing Brain.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Metabolomics ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion in the naïve T Cell Receptor Repertoire.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The immune system is a complex network of cells with critical functions in health and disease. However, a comprehensive census of the cells comprising the immune system is lacking. Here, we estimated the abundance of the primary immune cell types throughout all tissues in the human body. We conducted a literature survey and integrated data from multiplexed imaging and methylome-based deconvolution. We also considered cellular mass to determine the distribution of immune cells in terms of both number and total mass. Our results indicate that the immune system of a reference 73 kg man consists of 1.8 × 10
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.