Trial reportPloS one2023
Effects of caffeine consumption combined with listening to music during warm-up on taekwondo physical performance, perceived exertion and psychological aspects.
Trial report in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute Effects and Safety of Caffeine Ingestion in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Three-Level Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Advantages of different dietary supplements for elite combat sports athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Does music counteract mental fatigue? A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of exercise training and nutritional supplementation on taekwondo performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Caffeine Intake Strategies on Heart Rate Variability during Post-Exercise Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current cardiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Static Stretching Acutely Reduces the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine on Sprint Performance but Not Maximal Ball Velocity in Football Players.European journal of sport science · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Examining the impact of differing caffeine dosages in conjunction with plyometric training on physiological adaptations in basketball players.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Warm-up music and low-dose caffeine enhance the activity profile and psychophysiological responses during simulated combat in female taekwondo athletes.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Caffeine Improves Sprint Time in Simulated Freestyle Swimming Competition but Not the Vertical Jump in Female Swimmers.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Dose-Dependent Effects of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Trained Female Handball Players: A Randomized Crossover Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of the single and combined effect of music and other strategies on combat sport performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Acute caffeine strategies for improving performance in combat sports: a structured narrative review.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Applications and Benefits of Dietary Supplements in Taekwondo: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of music listening on anaerobic performance and motivation in healthy young adults.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Anaerobic Sport-Specific Tests for Taekwondo: A Narrative Review with Guidelines for the Assessment.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effects of caffeine (CAF) and music have been well documented when used separately, but their combined effects are not yet studied. Thus, the present study assessed the acute effects of combining a low dose of CAF with listening to music during warm-up on taekwondo physical performance, perceived exertion (RPE), and psychological responses during taekwondo-specific tasks in male elite athletes. In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study design, male taekwondo athletes (n = 16; age: 18.25 ± 0.75 years) performed the taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), 10 s frequency speed of kick test (FSKT-10s) and the multiple version of FSKT (FSKT-mult) under the following conditions: 1) CAF without music (CAF+NoM), 2) placebo (PL) without music (PL+NoM), 3) CAF with music (CAF+M), 4) PL with music (PL+M), 5) no supplement with music (NoS+M) and no supplement without music (control). RPE, feeling scale (FS), felt arousal scale (FAS) and physical enjoyment (PACES) were determined after each test. Findings showed the CAF+M condition induced better performances than other conditions for TSAT, FSKT-10s, FSKT-mult, RPE, FAS and FS and PACES post FSKT-10s (all p<0.05). Moreover, CAF+M resulted in better responses than other conditions for PACES post TSAT (p<0.05) with the exception of CAF+NoM. Likewise, CAF+M condition induced better physical enjoyment than PL+NoM, NoS+M and PL+M conditions post FSKT-mult (p<0.05). Combining low dose of CAF with music during warm-up was an effective strategy that induced greater effects than their isolated use during taekwondo specific tasks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.