ArticleDiabetologia2024
Female sex is a risk factor for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: the EURODIAB prospective diabetes complications study.
Article in Diabetologia, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Experiences and needs of individuals living with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Trial
- Higher disease burden and greater small fibre impairment in women with painful diabetic neuropathy.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Disproportionality Analysis of Fluoroquinolone-Associated Peripheral Neuropathy in the FAERS Database (2007-2024).Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Among Malagasy Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- New pharmacological agents and emerging therapeutic targets for painful diabetic neuropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The Association Between Detailed Obesity Measurements and Peripheral Neuropathy in Persons With Diabetes.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- TLR4 deletion reduces small fiber sensory abnormalities and nerve degeneration in diabetic male mice.Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Targeting sex-specific DRG inflammation and neurofibrosis to prevent Bortezomib-induced neuropathy.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Long-lasting and fast methylglyoxal-scavenging peptide CycK(Myr)RPain reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk and Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in North-Eastern Hungary.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Peripheral Neuropathy Risk Factors Among United States Adults.Neurology · 2025Article
- From receptor to response: dissecting the TLR4 pathway in diabetic neuropathy.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Macrophage depletion restores the DRG microenvironment and prevents axon degeneration in bortezomib-induced neuropathy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Impact of Neuropathy on Well-Being and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Intravenous Streptozotocin Induces Variants in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Female Mice.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Review
- Astaxanthin has a beneficial influence on pain-related symptoms and opioid-induced hyperalgesia in mice with diabetic neuropathy-evidence from behavioral studies.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisWhile the risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are now well recognised, the risk factors for painful DPN remain unknown. We performed analysis of the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study data to elucidate the incidence and risk factors of painful DPN.
methodsThe EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study recruited 3250 participants with type 1 diabetes who were followed up for 7.3±0.6 (mean ± SD) years. To evaluate DPN, a standardised protocol was used, including clinical assessment, quantitative sensory testing and autonomic function tests. Painful DPN (defined as painful neuropathic symptoms in the legs in participants with confirmed DPN) was assessed at baseline and follow-up.
resultsAt baseline, 234 (25.2%) out of 927 participants with DPN had painful DPN. At follow-up, incident DPN developed in 276 (23.5%) of 1172 participants. Of these, 41 (14.9%) had incident painful DPN. Most of the participants who developed incident painful DPN were female (73% vs 48% painless DPN p=0.003) and this remained significant after adjustment for duration of diabetes and HbA CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationIn this first prospective study to investigate the risk factors for painful DPN, we definitively demonstrate that female sex is a risk factor for painful DPN. Additionally, there is less evidence of diabetic nephropathy in incident painful, compared with painless, DPN. Thus, painful DPN is not driven by cardiometabolic factors traditionally associated with microvascular disease. Sex differences may therefore play an important role in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain in diabetes. Future studies need to look at psychosocial, genetic and other factors in the development of painful DPN.
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