ArticleSingapore medical journal2026
Morbidity and treatment costs of cystic fibrosis in a middle-income country.
Article in Singapore medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cystic fibrosis in Vietnam and Southeast Asia: underdiagnosis and genetic spectrum.Journal of community genetics · 2025Review
- Societal Economic Burden of Cystic Fibrosis in Iran: A Cost-of-Illness Study.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2025Article
- A Global Perspective on Transition Models for Pediatric to Adult Cystic Fibrosis Care: What Has Been Made So Far?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAsian children with cystic fibrosis (CF) managed in Malaysia have significant morbidity with limited access to life-sustaining treatments. We determined the morbidity and treatment cost of CF in a resource-limited country.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included all children diagnosed with CF in our centre. Data on clinical presentation, genetic mutation, serial spirometry results and complications were collected. Out-of-pocket (OOP) and healthcare costs over 1 year were retrieved for patients who were alive. Cohen's d and odds ratio (OR) were used to determine the effect size.
resultsTwenty-four patients were diagnosed with CF. Five patients died at a median (range) age of 18 (0.3-22) years. F508deletion (c. 1521_1523delCTT) was found in 20% of the alleles, while 89% of the variants were detected in nine patients. Body mass index (BMI) Z score was >-1.96 in 70.6% of patients. Two thirds (68%) were colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and this was associated with lower weight ( P = 0.009) and BMI ( P = 0.02) Z scores. Only 18% had FEV 1 Z scores >-1.96. Early symptom onset ( d = 0.74), delayed diagnosis ( d = 2.07), a low FEF 25-75 Z score ( d = 0.82) and a high sweat conductance ( d = 1.19) were associated with death. Inpatient cost was mainly from diagnostic tests, while medications contributed to half of the outpatient cost. Healthcare utilisation cost was catastrophic, amounting to 20% of the total income.
conclusionAsian children with CF suffer significant complications such as low weight, low lung function and shortened lifespan. P. aeruginosa colonisation was frequent and associated with poor growth. Healthcare cost to parents was catastrophic.
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