ReviewInternational dental journal2023
Mouthwashes: Implications for Practice.
Review in International dental journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ozonated water as a preventive oral hygiene aid: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its role in reducing dental plaque.Evidence-based dentistry · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Adjunctive Use of Commercial Daily Mouthwashes on Periodontal Health: An Umbrella Review.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Pooled it
- Physicochemical Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Influence of commercial mouth rinses with different formulations on enamel properties during at-home bleaching.Odontology · 2026Article
- Drug-Related Halitosis: A Narrative Review.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Oral Self-Care as a Preventive Strategy in Medicated Older Adults: Biological Mechanisms, Genetic Susceptibility, and Public Health Implications.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Development and in vitro Antifungal Evaluation of a Ternary Essential Oil-Based Oral Phytopharmaceutical Formulation AgainstInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Effect of mouth rinses on bulk-fill composite microhardness - AnBioinformation · 2026Article
- Cationic nanoparticles-enabled mouthwash combats precancerous oral mucosal inflammation.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Control of Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation by Natural Ingredients-Based Mouthwash.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Evolution of CPITN Index in Relation to Chlorhexidine Mouthwash Use in Patients with Deflective Occlusal Contacts.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of TheraBreath™ Oral Rinses: An In Vitro Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Antiseptics Prescription for the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Repurposing Mouthwashes: Antifungal and Antibiofilm Abilities of Commercially Available Mouthwashes AgainstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Color stability of frequently used aesthetic restorative materials following in vitro exposure to chlorhexidine- and octenidine-based mouthrinses.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Effect of the DarolacMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Bioavailability Enhancement and Formulation Technologies of Oral Mucosal Dosage Forms: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Comparative Anti-inflammatory Activity of a Nanocomposite-Based Herbal Oral Rinse and a Commercial Oral Rinse.Cureus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This is the concluding article in the supplement on the role of mouthwashes in oral care, which summarises the current guidelines across the globe regarding their acceptable adjunctive use for managing caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Based on moderate evidence for clinical effectiveness, most current guidelines suggest fluoride mouthwashes for the management of dental caries, and chlorhexidine for the management of periodontal diseases. However there still appears to be gaps in the literature underpinning these recommendations. Importantly, all evidence supports such mouthwash use "adjunctively," alongside mechanical oral hygiene measures. Other antimicrobial mouthwashes such as essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride may also be clinically effective against plaque and gingivitis, but there is a current lack of robust evidence of natural mouthwashes to recommend their adjunctive use. The authors of the current review are of the view that mouthwashes may not be of much value in those with good periodontal health or low caries risk. The reasons for this are, the potential i) risks of allergic reactions, ii) dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, iii) emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and iv) deleterious effects on the environment. There is, however, much empirical research needed on mouthwashes, particularly in vivo research derived through clinical trials. Thus, dental practitioners need to keep abreast of the evidence base on the current, and the emerging, over-the-counter mouthwashes, and pay heed to the consensus views emanating from systematic reviews, as well as international guidelines on mouthwashes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.