Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37865634›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2023

Soli-enabled noncontact heart rate detection for sleep and meditation tracking.

Luzhou Xu, Jaime Lien, Haiguang Li, Nicholas Gillian, Rajeev Nongpiur, Jihan Li, Qian Zhang, Jian Cui, David Jorgensen, Adam Bernstein and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. mCardiacDx: Radar-Driven Contactless Monitoring and Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation.IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Luzhou XuGoogle LLC, 6420 Sequence Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. lzxu@google.com.
Jaime LienGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Haiguang LiGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Nicholas GillianGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Rajeev NongpiurGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Jihan LiGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Qian ZhangGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Jian CuiGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
David JorgensenGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Adam BernsteinGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Lauren BedalGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Eiji HayashiGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Jin YamanakaGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Alex LeeGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Jian WangGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
D ShinGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Ivan PoupyrevGoogle LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Trausti ThormundssonGoogle LLC, 19510 Jamboree Rd, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA.
Anupam PathakGoogle LLC, 19510 Jamboree Rd, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA.
Shwetak PatelGoogle LLC, 601 North 34st Street, Seattle, WA, 98103, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heart rate (HR) is a crucial physiological signal that can be used to monitor health and fitness. Traditional methods for measuring HR require wearable devices, which can be inconvenient or uncomfortable, especially during sleep and meditation. Noncontact HR detection methods employing microwave radar can be a promising alternative. However, the existing approaches in the literature usually use high-gain antennas and require the sensor to face the user's chest or back, making them difficult to integrate into a portable device and unsuitable for sleep and meditation tracking applications. This study presents a novel approach for noncontact HR detection using a miniaturized Soli radar chip embedded in a portable device (Google Nest Hub). The chip has a [Formula: see text] dimension and can be easily integrated into various devices. The proposed approach utilizes advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques to extract HRs from radar signals. The approach is validated on a sleep dataset (62 users, 498 h) and a meditation dataset (114 users, 1131 min). The approach achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.69 bpm and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of [Formula: see text] on the sleep dataset. On the meditation dataset, the approach achieves an MAE of 1.05 bpm and a MAPE of [Formula: see text]. The recall rates for the two datasets are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. This study represents the first application of the noncontact HR detection technology to sleep and meditation tracking, offering a promising alternative to wearable devices for HR monitoring during sleep and meditation.

Indexed as

MeditationHeart RateHeart Rate DeterminationHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicSleep

Identifiers

PMID37865634
PMCPMC10590449

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.