Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37864739›Full record

ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2023

Mortality Increased Among Hospitalized Patients with Cirrhosis Before and Following Different Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Patrick A Twohig, Kyle Scholten, Makayla Schissel, Kevin Brittan, Jason Barbaretta, Kaeli Samson, Lynette Smith, Mark Mailliard, Thoetchai Bee Peeraphatdit

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Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Patrick A TwohigDivision of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Medical Center Drive, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. patwohig@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-5423-8749
Kyle ScholtenDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Medical Center Drive, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
Makayla SchisselDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
Kevin BrittanDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Medical Center Drive, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
Jason BarbarettaDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Medical Center Drive, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
Kaeli SamsonDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
Lynette SmithDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
Mark MailliardDivision of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Medical Center Drive, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
Thoetchai Bee PeeraphatditDivision of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Medical Center Drive, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted patient care and worsened the morbidity and mortality of some chronic diseases. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations and outcomes in patients with cirrhosis both before and during different time periods of the pandemic has not been evaluated.

aimsDescribe characteristics of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and evaluate inpatient mortality and 30-day readmission before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsRetrospective single-center cohort study of all hospitalized patients with cirrhosis from 2018 to 2022. Time periods within the COVID-19 pandemic were defined using reference data from the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control. Adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression were used to assess differences between periods.

results33,926 unique hospitalizations were identified. Most patients were over age 60 years across all time periods of the pandemic. More Hispanic patients were hospitalized during COVID-19 than before COVID-19. Medicare and Medicaid are utilized less frequently during COVID-19 than before COVID-19. After controlling for age and gender, inpatient mortality was significantly higher during all COVID-19 periods except Omicron compared to before COVID-19. The odds of experiencing a 30-day readmission were 1.2 times higher in the pre-vaccination period compared to the pre-COVID-19 period.

conclusionInpatient mortality among patients with cirrhosis has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before COVID-19. Although COVID-19 infection may have had a small direct pathologic effect on the natural history of cirrhotic liver disease, it is more likely that other factors are impacting this population.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsAgedCohort StudiesHospitalizationHumansLiver CirrhosisMedicareMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesCirrhosisCOVID-19HospitalizationMortalityReadmission

Identifiers

PMID37864739

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.