ReviewCell death and differentiation2023
Deer antlers: the fastest growing tissue with least cancer occurrence.
Review in Cell death and differentiation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Palmitic Acid Inhibits the Proliferation and Hypertrophy of Antler Chondrocytes by Disrupting Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Function.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Transposable element dynamics and regulatory role in sika deer (Cervus nippon) antler development.Mobile DNA · 2026Article
- When cells rebel: a comparative genomics investigation into marsupial cancer susceptibility.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in deer antler research based on single-cell multi-omics approaches.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Deer antler ASCs exosomes ameliorate osteoarthritis via miR-140/MMP13 axis-mediated dual modulation of inflammation and cartilage regeneration.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Antler stem cell-derived exosomes restore periodontal homeostasis in a rat model with diabetic periodontitis through enhancing ROS scavenging and osteogenesis.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- An ingenious design from nature to accelerate the repair of long-bone critical defects: the longitudinal tubular transverse interconnection structure of deer antlers.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) antler stem cell culture medium inhibits prostate cancer cells.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2025Article
- A comprehensive assessment of immunomodulatory potentials of Korean antler velvet extract in mouse and neurodegenerativeJournal of animal science and technology · 2025Article
- BRCA1 is involved in sustaining rapid antler growth possibly via balancing of the p53/endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway.Biology direct · 2025Article
- 3D-ASC-Exos as a novel drug carrier for glioma treatment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Antler Growth and Ossification Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Deer antler stem cell niche: An interesting perspective.World journal of stem cells · 2024Article
- General Direct Anticancer Effects of Deer Growing Antler Extract in Several Tumour Cell Lines, and Immune System-Mediated Effects in Xenograft Glioblastoma.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Comparison of the composition, immunological activity and anti-fatigue effects of different parts in sika deer antler.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Deer antler reserve mesenchyme cells modified with miR-145 promote chondrogenesis in cartilage regeneration.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Low-molecular-weight peptides from deer antler velvet: Antioxidant potential, biosafety, and synergistic interaction with nanomelanin.Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Deer antlers are a bony organ solely able to acquired distinct unique attributes during evolution and all these attributes are against thus far known natural rules. One of them is as the fastest animal growing tissue (2 cm/day), they are remarkably cancer-free, despite high cell division rate. Although tumor-like nodules on the long-lived castrate antlers in some deer species do occur, but they are truly benign in nature. In this review, we tried to find the answer to this seemingly contradictory phenomenon based on the currently available information and give insights into possible clinic application. The antler growth center is located in its tip; the most intensive dividing cells are resident in the inner layer of reserve mesenchyme (RM), and these cells are more adopted to osteosarcoma rather than to normal bone tissues in gene expression profiles but acquire their energy mainly through aerobic oxidative phosphorylation pathway. To counteract propensity of neoplastic transformation, antlers evolved highly efficient apoptosis exactly in the RM, unparalleled by any known tissues; and annual wholesale cast to jettison the corps. Besides, some strong cancer suppressive genes including p53 cofactor genes and p53 regulator genes are highly positively selected by deer, which would have certainly contributed to curb tumorigenesis. Thus far, antler extracts and RM cells/exosomes have been tried on different cancer models either in vitro or in vivo, and all achieved positive results. These positive experimental results together with the anecdotal folklore that regular consumption of velvet antler is living with cancer-free would encourage us to test antlers in clinic settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.