ReviewJournal of translational autoimmunity2023
Anti-adenylate kinase 5 encephalitis: Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of this rare entity.
Review in Journal of translational autoimmunity, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Energy Homeostasis Disruption in Neurological Disorders: Mitochondrial Dysfunction, High-Energy Phosphate Transfer, and Extracellular ATP-Dependent Purinergic Dysregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Adenylate kinase 5 autoimmune encephalitis following craniopharyngioma radiotherapy.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Mimics and Diagnostic Pitfalls of Anti-Adenylate Kinase 5 Limbic Encephalitis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Brain atrophy in autoimmune encephalitis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis-an update.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Adenylate kinase 5, a novel genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, regulates microglial inflammatory activation.Molecular brain · 2025Article
- Anti-kelch-like protein 11 antibody-associated encephalitis: two case reports and literature review.BMC neurology · 2025Review
- A Systematic Review of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Attempts.Neurology international · 2024Review
- The role of the adenylate kinase 5 gene in various diseases and cancer.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The spectrum and understanding of antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis (AE) have expanded over the past few decades. In 2007, a rare subtype of AE known as anti-adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) encephalitis, was first reported. This disease is more common in elderly males, with limbic encephalitis as the core phenotype (characterized by subacute anterograde amnesia, sometimes with psychiatric symptoms, and rarely with seizures). Brain magnetic resonance imaging typically demonstrated initial temporal lobe T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities, and subsequent atrophy. No concomitant tumors have been found yet. AK5 antibody, targeting the intracellular antigen, is a biomarker for a non-paraneoplastic T-cell autoimmunity response, and can be detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid using tissue-based and cell-based assays. Cytotoxic T-cell-mediating neuronal injury and loss play a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of anti-AK5 encephalitis. Patients mostly show poor response to immunotherapy and thus a poor prognosis in the long run. Herein, we review the literature and provide updated knowledge of this less-known entity, focusing on clinical characteristics, paraclinical findings, diagnosis process, and therapeutic approaches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.