ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2023
Differences in Infant Diet Quality Index by Race and Ethnicity Predict Differences in Later Diet Quality.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diet Quality and Weight Status are Predicted by Federal Nutrition Assistance Program Participation, Health, and Demographics.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Measuring Dietary Quality Among Toddlers in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study, 2016, Using the New Healthy Eating Index-Toddlers-2020.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Article
- Infant diet quality index predicts nutrients of concern and ultra-processed food intake in low-income children in the United States.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundRacial and ethnic disparities in infant-feeding practices may negatively influence diet quality and health.
objectivesThis study investigated the racial, ethnic, and language (English or Spanish) differences in infant diet quality, later diet quality, and weight status at 2-5 y, and whether these differences were explained through infant diet quality among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
methodsUsing the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 (unweighted n = 2663; weighted n = 362,712), relationships between the Infant Dietary Quality Index (IDQI; range 0-1) and Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020; range 0-100) and BMI z-score (BMIz) at 2-5 y were analyzed by race, ethnicity, and language preference [Hispanic Spanish-speaking, Hispanic English-speaking, non-Hispanic (NH) White, and NH Black participants]. Statistical interaction between IDQI and each group was evaluated in multivariable models. The mediation of each group through the IDQI was assessed using causal mediation methods.
resultsDifferences in IDQI [mean (standard deviation)] were observed between Hispanic Spanish-speaking participants [0.41 (0.10)], Hispanic English-speaking participants [0.37 (0.10)], NH White participants [0.36 (0.10)], and NH Black participants [0.35 (0.09)], P < 0.001. Differences in HEI-2020 occurred at 2-5 y, with the Hispanic Spanish-speaking participants having consistently higher HEI-2020 scores. Differences in BMIz were observed at 5 y, with higher scores among Hispanic Spanish-speaking participants. Interaction between race, ethnicity, and IDQI was observed for all outcomes except for BMIz at 3 y. Through mediation, IDQI explained 13%-20% of the difference in HEI-2020 scores between Hispanic Spanish-speaking and NH White participants at 2-5 y. IDQI explained 22%-25% of the difference in HEI-2020 scores between the Hispanic Spanish-speaking and NH Black participants at 4 y and 5 y.
conclusionsHigher infant diet quality scores observed in Hispanic Spanish-speaking participants explain some of the racial and ethnic differences observed in later diet quality, suggesting that improving infant diet quality may help reduce diet disparities during early childhood.
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