ReviewParasites & vectors2023
Culex modestus: the overlooked mosquito vector.
Review in Parasites & vectors, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analyses of Culex blood-meals indicates strong regional effect on feeding patterns.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Insight into eco-epidemiological traits of European native vector mosquitoes for disease transmission.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- What are the vectors in European livestock farms? Case studies in Hungary and Spain.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus in Europe: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Environmental Drivers, and the Role of Equine Sentinel Surveillance in a One Health Framework.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- ERGA-BGE Genomes of Culex laticinctus, Culex modestus, Culex perexiguus, and Culex theileri: Unveiling the Genomes of the Key Vectors of West Nile Virus in the Mediterranean Basin.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Review of mosquitoes in Ireland and of relevant mosquito-borne pathogens.Irish veterinary journal · 2026Review
- West Nile Virus: Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Prophylaxis with a Comparative Insight from Italy and Iran.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Detection and Characterization of Sindbis Virus Genotype IV in Mosquitoes From Slovenia.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Modelling vector and host distributions to inform potential disease risk: A case study of West Nile virus in the United Kingdom.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2025Article
- Lower Bird Evenness and Diversity Are Associated With Higher Usutu Prevalence in Culex pipiens Mosquitoes.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Article
- First isolation of the Sindbis virus in mosquitoes from southwestern Spain reveals a new recent introduction from Africa.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Review
- Is Culex modestus a New Usutu virus vector?Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Mosquitoes in urban green spaces and cemeteries in northern Spain.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Microbiota composition of Culex perexiguus mosquitoes during the West Nile virus outbreak in southern Spain.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Culex (Barraudius) modestus (Ficalbi 1889) are found in temperate regions across Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. These mosquitoes thrive during the summer and prefer to breed in permanent vegetative habitats such as rice paddies and marshes. Culex modestus feed on a wide range of bird species but are highly attracted to humans, which makes them a potential 'bridge' vector for enzootic pathogens. There is compelling evidence that Culex modestus is an efficient vector for West Nile virus, potentially capable of causing epidemics in humans and other mammals. This species is also a likely vector for Usutu virus, avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.), and parasitic heartworms (Dirofilaria spp.). Culex modestus can be morphologically identified at the larval and adult stages, and a distinctive phenotype of this species is their ability to overwinter. Despite the widespread establishment of this mosquito species and their role as vectors for human pathogens, we lack sufficient knowledge on this species to implement and evaluate targeted vector control measures. Since Culex modestus can be considered a potential public health threat, there is a need for a better understanding of this mosquito species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.