ArticleNature neuroscience2023
Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus.
Article in Nature neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 11 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 153 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Use of Alpha-frequency Deep Transcranial Interference Stimulation (tIS) to Understand and Modify Temporal Dynamics of Face Emotion Recognition and Social/Affective Function
Study on the Effectiveness and Safety of Temporal Interference Stimulation in Treating Patients With Severe Consciousness Disorders
Neural Mechanisms of Interpersonal Expectations on Negative Affect
Effects and Mechanisms of Temporal Interference Brain Stimulation on Memory Function in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease
Temporal Interference Methods for Non-invasive Deep Brain Stimulation
Temporal Interference Methods for Non-invasive Deep Brain Stimulation
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (TIS) Targeting the Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's Disease: A Single-Center, Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Overnight Temporal Interference Stimulation of Bilateral Hippocampi to Reduce Epileptogenic Biomarkers and Improve Sleep in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Temporal Interference Methods for Non-invasive Deep Brain Stimulation
A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Temporal Interference Stimulation Treatment in Patients With Cognitive Impairment
Investigating the Interplay of Striatal and Hippocampal Processing in Decision-Making Using Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Robot-Assisted versus non-robotic frame-based deep brain stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of targeting accuracy and clinical outcomes.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Ultrasound Applications in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Therapeutic Potentials in Clinical Trials and Animal Model Studies.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2026Pooled it
- Modulation of cognitive and motor functions by temporal interference stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and variability.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- [Progresses on temporal interference electromagnetic stimulation for non-invasive deep brain function modulation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Pooled it
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Noninvasive neuromodulation for disorders of consciousness: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in the application of temporal interference stimulation: a scoping review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- A patient-specific, 3D printed neurostimulator enabling focal transcranial electrical stimulation and EEG at home.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation of the Right Globus Pallidus in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Trial
- Temporal Interference Stimulation Boosts Working Memory Performance in the Frontoparietal Network.Human brain mapping · 2025Trial
- Exploring neural entrainment and synchrony in response to repeated 60 Hz flickering white light in healthy volunteers.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills.Nature human behaviour · 2024Trial
- Repetitive temporal interference stimulation improves jump performance but not the postural stability in young healthy males: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Functional connectivity correlates of sequence memory decline in healthy older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Changing the motivation for mental work with temporal interference stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Integrating neural decoding, memristive materials, and adaptive control frameworks for next-generation hippocampal memory prosthetics.iScience · 2026Review
- Focal and Steerable Temporal Interference Stimulation of the Human Left Posterior Insula: A Proof-of-Concept Validation Using Intracranial Recordings in a Human Cadaver.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Intraoperative temporal interference (TI)-noninvasive brain stimulation prevents postoperative delirium in mice.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- [Noninvasive nanosecond transcranial pulsed electric fields: deep-penetrating, high-field stimulation for suppressing hippocampal amyloid-β and improving cognitive function in an Alzheimer's disease model].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) via implanted electrodes is used worldwide to treat patients with severe neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, its invasiveness precludes widespread clinical use and deployment in research. Temporal interference (TI) is a strategy for non-invasive steerable DBS using multiple kHz-range electric fields with a difference frequency within the range of neural activity. Here we report the validation of the non-invasive DBS concept in humans. We used electric field modeling and measurements in a human cadaver to verify that the locus of the transcranial TI stimulation can be steerably focused in the hippocampus with minimal exposure to the overlying cortex. We then used functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral experiments to show that TI stimulation can focally modulate hippocampal activity and enhance the accuracy of episodic memories in healthy humans. Our results demonstrate targeted, non-invasive electrical stimulation of deep structures in the human brain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.