ArticleNature neuroscience2023
Noninvasive theta-burst stimulation of the human striatum enhances striatal activity and motor skill learning.
Article in Nature neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of the Plasticity of Deep Brain Structures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Aging (PlasMA)
Neural Mechanisms of Interpersonal Expectations on Negative Affect
Temporal Interference Methods for Addiction Treatment
A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Temporal Interference Stimulation Treatment in Patients With Cognitive Impairment
Efficacy and Safety of Temporal Interference Stimulation of Hypothalamus in Patients With Narcolepsy Type 1: A Randomised, Double-blind, Sham-Controlled, Single-Centre Trial
Investigating the Interplay of Striatal and Hippocampal Processing in Decision-Making Using Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of cognitive and motor functions by temporal interference stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and variability.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- [Progresses on temporal interference electromagnetic stimulation for non-invasive deep brain function modulation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in the application of temporal interference stimulation: a scoping review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Multifocal Noninvasive Deep Brain Stimulation to Enhance Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Crossover Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Personalized high-intensity temporal interference stimulation decouples cerebellar networks to enhance implicit learning.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Effects of Different Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Targets for Enhancing Motor Learning: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Neural plasticity · 2026Trial
- Optimizing tACS for working memory: differential outcomes in healthy aging and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation of the Right Globus Pallidus in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Trial
- Temporal Interference Stimulation Boosts Working Memory Performance in the Frontoparietal Network.Human brain mapping · 2025Trial
- Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills.Nature human behaviour · 2024Trial
- Repetitive temporal interference stimulation improves jump performance but not the postural stability in young healthy males: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Temporal interference stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in obsessive-compulsive disorder.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- Changing the motivation for mental work with temporal interference stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Vestibular nucleus stimulation for ameliorating locomotor dynamics in a Parkinsonian mouse model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Precision non-invasive transcranial electromagnetic stimulation: a thematic review of optimizing spatial, temporal, and dose dimensions.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Temporal Interference Stimulation Targeting the Right Amygdala in Adolescents With Depression: A Pilot Feasibility Study.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Temporal Interference Stimulation of Centromedian-Parafascicular Complex in Disorders of Consciousness: A Pilot Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- The Distinct Electrophysiological Mechanisms in the Cortico-Striatal Circuit of LID Rats.Biology · 2026Article
- Temporal Interference Stimulation Enhances Neural Regeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The stimulation of deep brain structures has thus far only been possible with invasive methods. Transcranial electrical temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel, noninvasive technology that might overcome this limitation. The initial proof-of-concept was obtained through modeling, physics experiments and rodent models. Here we show successful noninvasive neuromodulation of the striatum via tTIS in humans using computational modeling, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies and behavioral evaluations. Theta-burst patterned striatal tTIS increased activity in the striatum and associated motor network. Furthermore, striatal tTIS enhanced motor performance, especially in healthy older participants as they have lower natural learning skills than younger subjects. These findings place tTIS as an exciting new method to target deep brain structures in humans noninvasively, thus enhancing our understanding of their functional role. Moreover, our results lay the groundwork for innovative, noninvasive treatment strategies for brain disorders in which deep striatal structures play key pathophysiological roles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.