ArticleNeurology2023
Prevalence, Clinical Features, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Findings in Children With Ataxic Cerebral Palsy in Europe.
Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of cortical activity, functional connectivity, and neuroplasticity in cerebral palsy using functional near-infrared spectroscopy: A scoping review.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
- Fingolimod Prevents Neuroinflammation but Has a Limited Effect on the Development of Ataxia in a Mouse Model for SCA1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Characteristics of children with ataxic cerebral palsy.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Investigation and analysis of the prevalence of oral diseases and oral health-related quality of life in children with cerebral palsy, and associated factors.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Rehabilitation With Exergames in Individuals With Moderate to Severe Cognitive Impairment: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Corrections to Received Date Information.Neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
22 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Veronka HorberFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.ORCID 0000-0002-3302-7483
Guro L AndersenFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Catherine ArnaudFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Javier De La CruzFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Ivana DakovicFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Andra GreitaneFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Owen HenseyFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Kate HimmelmannFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Katalin HollodyFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Karen HorridgeFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Christoph T KünzleFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Marco MarcelliFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Els OrtibusFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Antigone PapavasiliouFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Oliver PerraFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Mary J PlattFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Gija RackauskaiteFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Solveig SigurdardottirFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Anja Troha GergeliFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Daniel VirellaFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Ingeborg Krägeloh-MannFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.ORCID 0000-0003-4599-1373
Elodie SellierFrom the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France.
Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · FR
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesTo report on prevalence, associated impairments, severity, and neuroimaging findings in children with ataxic cerebral palsy (CP).
methodsIn children coded as having ataxic CP in the Central database of Joint Research Center-Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (JRC-SCPE) and born during 1980-2010, birth characteristics, severity profiles including associated impairments, neuroimaging patterns, and the presence of syndromes were analyzed. Definitions were according to validated SCPE guidelines. Prevalence over time was estimated using Poisson regression.
resultsIn total, 679 children with ataxic CP were identified in 20 European CP registers. The proportion with ataxic CP was 3.8% and varied from 0% to 12.9%. Prevalence over time showed no significant trend. Approximately 70% of children with ataxic CP were able to walk, and 40% had severe intellectual impairment and a high impairment index. Children with ataxic CP were mostly born at term (79%) and with normal birth weight (77%). Neuroimaging patterns revealed normal findings in 29%, brain maldevelopments in 28.5%, miscellaneous findings in 23.5%, and brain injuries in 19%, according to the SCPE classification. Genetic syndromes were described in 9%. DISCUSSION: This register-based multicenter study on children with ataxic CP provides a large sample size for the analysis of prevalence, severity, and origin of this rare CP subtype. Even with strict inclusion and classification criteria, there is variation between registers on how to deal with this subtype, and diagnosis of ataxic CP remains a challenge. Ataxic cerebral palsy differs from other CP subtypes: children with ataxic CP have a disability profile that is more pronounced in terms of cognitive than gross motor dysfunction. They are mostly term born and the origin rarely suggests acquired injuries. In addition to neuroimaging, a comprehensive genetic workup is particularly recommended for children with this CP type.
Indexed as
Cerebral PalsyAtaxiaChildEuropeGenetic Diseases, InbornHumansNeuroimagingPrevalenceRegistries
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