Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37857445›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM2024

Care Delivery in Community Health Centers Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic (2019-2022).

Nicole Cook, Brenda M McGrath, Suparna M Navale, Siran M Koroukian, Anna R Templeton, Laura C Crocker, Stephen J Zyzanski, Wyatt P Bensken, Kurt C Stange

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Community Health Workers' Challenges during COVID-19: An Intersectionality Study.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nicole CookFrom the OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR (NC, BMM, SMN, ART, LCC, WPB, KCS); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (SMK, SJZ, KCS). cookn@ochin.org.
Brenda M McGrathFrom the OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR (NC, BMM, SMN, ART, LCC, WPB, KCS); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (SMK, SJZ, KCS).
Suparna M NavaleFrom the OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR (NC, BMM, SMN, ART, LCC, WPB, KCS); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (SMK, SJZ, KCS).
Siran M KoroukianFrom the OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR (NC, BMM, SMN, ART, LCC, WPB, KCS); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (SMK, SJZ, KCS).
Anna R TempletonFrom the OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR (NC, BMM, SMN, ART, LCC, WPB, KCS); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (SMK, SJZ, KCS).
Laura C CrockerFrom the OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR (NC, BMM, SMN, ART, LCC, WPB, KCS); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (SMK, SJZ, KCS).
Stephen J ZyzanskiFrom the OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR (NC, BMM, SMN, ART, LCC, WPB, KCS); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (SMK, SJZ, KCS).
Wyatt P BenskenFrom the OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR (NC, BMM, SMN, ART, LCC, WPB, KCS); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (SMK, SJZ, KCS).
Kurt C StangeFrom the OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR (NC, BMM, SMN, ART, LCC, WPB, KCS); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (SMK, SJZ, KCS).
Case Western Reserve University · USOchin · US

Funding

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 and Health Care Delivery Changes on Populations Living with Multiple Chronic ConditionsR01AG074946 · NIA · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI COOK, NICOLE JILL, STANGE, KURT C · 2021 to 2025
$2.5M
Long-Term Effects of COVID-19-induced Health Care Delivery Changes on Patient & Workforce Processes & Outcomes in Safety Net Practices Caring for Health Disparity PopulationsR01MD016389 · NIMHD · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI COOK, NICOLE JILL, STANGE, KURT C · 2022 to 2024
$1.5M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG074946NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD016389
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHealth centers provide primary and behavioral health care to the nation's safety net population. Many health centers served on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought major changes to health center care delivery.

objectiveTo elucidate primary care and behavioral health service delivery patterns in health centers before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE).

methodsWe compared annual and monthly patients from 2019 to 2022 for new and established patients by visit type (primary care, behavioral health) and encounter visits by modality (in-person, telehealth) across 218 health centers in 13 states.

resultsThere were 1581,744 unique patients in the sample, most from health disparate populations. Review of primary care data over 4 years show that health centers served fewer pediatric patients over time, while retaining the capacity to provide to patients 65+. Monthly data on encounters highlights that the initial shift in March/April 2020 to telehealth was not sustained and that in-person visits rose steadily after November/December 2020 to return as the predominant care delivery mode. With regards to behavioral health, health centers continued to provide care to established patients throughout the PHE, while serving fewer new patients over time. In contrast to primary care, after initial uptake of telehealth in March/April 2020, telehealth encounters remained the predominant care delivery mode through 2022.

conclusionFour years of data demonstrate how COVID-19 impacted delivery of primary care and behavioral health care for patients, highlighting gaps in pediatric care delivery and trends in telehealth over time.

Indexed as

COVID-19TelemedicineChildCommunity Health CentersDelivery of Health CareHumansPandemicsCOVID-19Electronic Medical RecordsHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityLongitudinal StudiesPandemicsPrimary Health Care

Identifiers

PMID37857445
PMCPMC10843627
OpenAlexW4387798291

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.