ArticleTrends in psychiatry and psychotherapy2025
U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation.
Article in Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adherence to Lifestyle Medicine and Sleep-Related Problems Among First-Year University Students in Quito, Ecuador, 2024-2025: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploratory assessment of the correlates of lifestyle medicine among Spanish university students: UNILIFE-M study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Measuring Mental Health in 2 Brazilian University Centers: Protocol for a Cohort Survey.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Interest, uptake, and feasibility trial of a real-life digital health intervention to improve lifestyle in Brazil.Digital healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveLifestyle Medicine comprises six domains: diet, substance use, physical activity, stress management, social connection, and sleep. The comprehensive assessment of lifestyle is challenging, but the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE) was developed to fill out this gap. In this paper, we describe the development and the psychometric properties (internal consistency, concurrent and convergent validity) of a shorter version of the SMILE among university students.
methodsData from a cross-sectional study including 369 students from 10 Brazilian universities were used. Considering a theoretical nomological net, we performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to obtain the most parsimonious, interpretable, and good-fitting model.
resultsThe final model was called U-SMILE, comprised 24 items, and presented acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.73, McDonald's ω = 0.79). To evaluate the concurrent validity of the U-SMILE, we compared it to the original SMILE and found a high correlation between the instruments (Spearman's r = 0.94). Furthermore, we evaluated convergent validity by examining the U-SMILE correlation with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Spearman's r = -0.517), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) (Spearman's r = -0.356), two validated instruments to screen for depression and anxiety, respectively.
conclusionOur findings suggest that the U-SMILE is a valid instrument for assessing lifestyle among university students. We recommend that the use of U-SMILE to evaluate overall lifestyle scores rather than individual domain scores. Finally, we discuss the importance of clarifying the definitions of lifestyle and related constructs in future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.