ArticleGlobal mental health (Cambridge, England)2023
Expanding mental health services in low- and middle-income countries: A task-shifting framework for delivery of comprehensive, collaborative, and community-based care.
Article in Global mental health (Cambridge, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- "It's more than just physical care": a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis of nurses' evolving role in providing mental health care within primary health care systems.BMC primary care · 2026Pooled it
- How effective are community health workers in managing and preventing perinatal depression in sub-Saharan Africa? A systematic review of quantitative evidence.Health policy and planning · 2026Pooled it
- Medical specialists in LMICs: a systematic review and best-fit framework synthesis of the evidence on their roles and contribution to health systems.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Strengthening Nonspecialist Health Care Providers' Capacity to Address Mental Health in the Context of Domestic Violence in Nepal: Pre-Post Mixed Methods Training Evaluation.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Global population-level concurrence and directional associations between rheumatoid arthritis and depressive disorders: an SDI-stratified time-series analysis using GBD 2021.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Aging while caregiving: a life course qualitative study of left-behind older parents caring for adult children with schizophrenia in rural China.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
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- Family-centered interventions for people with substance use disorders in low-and middle-income country settings: a scoping review.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Integrated Depression Care and Livelihood Interventions for Low-Income Women in Vietnam: Protocol for a Cluster Nonrandomized Controlled Trial (LIFE-DM).JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- A scoping review of barriers and facilitators to implementing tele-mental health solutions for rural, remote and underserved populations in low- and middle-income countries.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Access to mental health and psychosocial support among migrants in transit in Colombia.SSM. Mental health · 2026Article
- Real-world comprehensive care of people living with schizophrenia: recommendations across different settings and clinical stages.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Government-led scale-up of task-shifted mental health services in Lagos State, Nigeria: a mixed-methods descriptive-explanatory case study.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Implementing Problem Management Plus (PM+) in Haiti: qualitative study.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Existing practices, gaps and strategies to promote perinatal mental health in Ghana.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Impact of Multimorbidity on Mental Illness in the United Arab Emirates: A Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- Mental health interventions for climate change-induced disaster survivors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): A systematic review.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Acceptability of Self-Help Plus and Problem Management Plus interventions among clients and implementation insights from staff of Opioid Agonist Treatment programs in Ukraine.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Perinatal mental health among women in Somalia a silent emergency demanding urgent health system action.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 18 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This paper proposes a framework for comprehensive, collaborative, and community-based care (C4) for accessible mental health services in low-resource settings. Because mental health conditions have many causes, this framework includes social, public health, wellness and clinical services. It accommodates integration of stand-alone mental health programs with health and non-health community-based services. It addresses gaps in previous models including lack of community-based psychotherapeutic and social services, difficulty in addressing comorbidity of mental and physical conditions, and how workers interact with respect to referral and coordination of care. The framework is based on task-shifting of services to non-specialized workers. While the framework draws on the World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Program and other global mental health models, there are important differences. The C4 Framework delineates types of workers based on their skills. Separate workers focus on: basic psychoeducation and information sharing; community-level, evidence-based psychotherapeutic counseling; and primary medical care and more advanced, specialized mental health services for more severe or complex cases. This paper is intended for individuals, organizations and governments interested in implementing mental health services. The primary aim is to provide a framework for the provision of widely accessible mental health care and services.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.