ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia in women with PCOS.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Levels of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Impact of TSH- and BMI-Matched Comparisons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Hyperprolactinemia and Its Association with Menstrual Abnormalities and Hypothyroidism among Infertile Women:Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- Autoimmune diseases in patients with different PCOS phenotypes.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Complexity of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Chronic inflammatory activity in women with normogonadotropic anovulation complicated by subclinical thyroid dysfunction: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Novel Clinically Validated Machine Learning Model for Early Pregnancy Loss in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: Integrating Serum Autoantibodies and Ultrasonic Parameters.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Female Fertility: Does Anti-TPO Accelerate Ovarian Aging?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Mild hyperprolactinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Insights from a large cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2025Article
- Research on the Impact of Thyroid Disorders on Reproductive Function: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2025Review
- Investigation of Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Receiving and Not Receiving Metformin Treatment.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Thyroid function and polycystic ovary syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia in women with PCOS.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- The Synergistic Effect of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Journal of reproduction & infertilityArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Ovulatory dysfunction is usually caused by an endocrine disorder, of which polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause. PCOS is usually associated with estrogen levels within the normal range and can be characterized by oligo-/anovulation resulting in decreased progesterone levels. It is suggested that decreased progesterone levels may lead to more autoimmune diseases in women with PCOS. In addition, it is often claimed that there is an association between hyperprolactinemia and PCOS. In this large well-phenotyped cohort of women with PCOS, we have studied the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia compared to controls, and compared this between the four PCOS phenotypes. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study contains data of 1429 women with PCOS and 299 women without PCOS. Main outcome measures included thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Free Thyroxine (FT4), and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) levels in serum, the prevalence of thyroid diseases and hyperprolactinemia. Results: The prevalence of thyroid disease in PCOS women was similar to that of controls (1.9% versus 2.7%; P = 0.39 for hypothyroidism and 0.5% versus 0%; P = 0.99 for hyperthyroidism). TSH levels were also similar (1.55 mIU/L versus 1.48 mIU/L; P = 0.54). FT4 levels were slightly elevated in the PCOS group, although within the normal range (18.1 pmol/L versus 17.7 pmol/L; P < 0.05). The prevalence of positive TPOab was similar in both groups (5.7% versus 8.7%; P = 0.12). The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was similarly not increased in women with PCOS (1.3%% versus 3%; P = 0.05). In a subanalysis of 235 women with PCOS and 235 age- and BMI-matched controls, we found no differences in thyroid dysfunction or hyperprolactinemia. In according to differences between PCOS phenotypes, only the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher in phenotype B (6.3%, n = 6) compared to the other phenotypes. Conclusion: Women with PCOS do not suffer from thyroid dysfunction more often than controls. Also, the prevalence of positive TPOab, being a marker for future risk of thyroid pathology, was similar in both groups. Furthermore, the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was similar in women with PCOS compared to controls.
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