ReviewJournal of exercise science and fitness2023
Comparative efficacy of various hypoxic training paradigms on maximal oxygen consumption: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Review in Journal of exercise science and fitness, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Intermittent Hypoxic Training Strategies on Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Healthy Humans: A Meta-analysis with Meta-regression.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of intermittent hypoxic training modalities on athletes' performance: a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analyses.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of exercise interventions in hypoxic environment on cardiovascular function and maximal power output in obese or overweight individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Physical Performance in Trained and Untrained Individuals: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- Aerobic Intermittent Hypoxic Training Is Not Beneficial for Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Pooled it
- Methodological and aerobic capacity adaptations of high-intensity interval training at different altitudes in distance runners: A comprehensive meta-analysis.Physiological reports · 2025Pooled it
- Combined training in hypoxic environments improves cardiometabolic health in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Exercise in Hypoxic Environments: An Overview of Systematic Reviews on Performance, Physiological Adaptation, and Clinical Implications.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dose-response relationship of normobaric hypoxia training on body composition and metabolic health in obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Comparison of adaptations to four weeks of continuous hypoxic training between healthy men with lower and higher initial aerobic fitness.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic hypoxia to protect and revive ischemic heart and brain.Military Medical Research · 2026Article
- Comparative effects of hypoxic exercise training modalities on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.iScience · 2025Article
- The Impact of Exercise Training in a Hypobaric/Normobaric Hypoxic Environment on Cardiometabolic Health in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Three sessions of repeated sprint training in normobaric hypoxia improves sprinting performance.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Intermittent hypoxia training does not change erythrocyte aggregation indicators in young, healthy men.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Enhancement in maximal oxygen consumption (VO Methods: Electronic (i.e., five databases) and manual searches were performed, and 42 studies involving 1246 healthy adults were included. Pairwise meta-analyses were conducted to compare different hypoxic training paradigms and hypoxic training and control conditions. The Bayesian network meta-analysis model was applied to calculate the standardised mean differences (SMDs) of pre-post VO Results: All seven hypoxic training paradigms were effective to varying degrees, with SMDs ranging from 1.45 to 7.10. Intermittent hypoxia interval training (IHIT) had the highest probability of being the most efficient hypoxic training paradigm in the overall population and athlete subgroup (42%, 44%), whereas intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) was the most promising hypoxic training paradigm among non-athletes (66%). Meta-regression analysis revealed that saturation hours (coefficient, 0.004; Conclusion: Efficient hypoxic training paradigms for VO Registration: This study was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42022333548).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.