ArticleBMC psychology2023
Structural modeling of EFL/ESL teachers' physical activity, mental health, psychological well-being, and self-efficacy.
Article in BMC psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mediating effect of resilience and self-efficacy between physical activity and wellbeing: a meta-analytic structural equation modeling.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of a Remote Physical Activity Intervention on the Health Outcomes of Education Professionals at a Secondary, Technical, and Higher Education Institution in the State of Tocantins, Brazil.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- The impact of sport engagement on life satisfaction, mental and psychological well-being among athletes.PloS one · 2026Article
- The mediating role of quality of life in the relationship between teachers' participation in physical activity and empathic and social self-efficacy.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Exploring the influencing factors of teacher beliefs and their impact on teacher behaviors.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- The relationship between physical activity and mental health of middle school students: the chain mediating role of negative emotions and self-efficacy.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-05-08Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions · Concerns/Issues about Peer Review · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Rogue Editor · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPhysical activity (PA) is known to positively affect individuals' mental and physical health, especially those who experience high levels of stress, such as teachers. Previous studies have examined the relationship between teachers' PA, mental health, and well-being. Still, there is a lack of research on the direct and indirect effects of PA and self-efficacy. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the structural relationship between teachers' PA, mental health, well-being, and self-efficacy among ESL/EFL teachers. A total of 364 Chinese English language teachers were selected through convenience sampling. Mental health, physical activity, psychological well-being, and self-efficacy instruments were used. METHODOLOGY: The data was analyzed using Smart PLS software, and the hypothesized model was evaluated. The results indicated an acceptable level of divergent and convergent validity and goodness of fit.
resultsThe findings revealed that PA directly predicts teachers' mental health and well-being, but the direct structural relationship between teachers' PA and self-efficacy was not confirmed. However, the results showed that teachers' PA contributes to their self-efficacy by enhancing their mental and psychological well-being. The total effect of teachers' PA on their self-efficacy was significant. Additionally, mental health and psychological well-being strongly influenced teachers' self-efficacy.
conclusionIn conclusion, regular weekly physical activity can help EFL/ESL teachers foster their mental health, psychological well-being, and self-efficacy. These findings have theoretical and practical significance for teachers, trainers, and educational psychologists.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.