ArticleBMJ open2023
Spatial multilevel analysis of age at death of under-5 children and associated determinants: EDHS 2000-2016.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatial disparities and associated factors of composite index of anthropometric failure for under-five children across three African countries.Global epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Factors Associated With Composite Anthropometric Failures (CIAF) Among Under Five Children in Lesotho: An Insight From the 2023 to 2024 Demographic and Health Survey Data.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Spatial patterns and temporal trends in stillbirth, neonatal, and infant mortality: an exploration of country-level data from 2000 to 2021.Journal of global health · 2025Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study examines trends, spatial distribution and determinants of age at death of under-5 children in Ethiopia.
designThis study used secondary data from the 2000, 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. A multilevel partial ordinal logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of variables on the age at death of children under 5 years.
settingEthiopia.
participantsThe final analysis included a sample of 3997 deaths of newborns, infants and toddlers.
resultsA total of 1508, 1054, 830 and 605 deaths of under-5 children were recorded in the 2000, 2005, 2011 and 2016 survey years, respectively. The death of newborns, infants and toddlers showed a significant decrease from 2000 to 2016, with reductions of 33.3% to 17.4%, 42.4% to 12.6% and 45.2% to 11.6%, respectively. The analysis using Global Moran's Index revealed significant spatial autocorrelation in mortality for each survey year (p<0.05). The intraclass correlation of age at death of under-5 children within regions was substantial. Furthermore, the odds of newborn deaths among under-5 children (OR: 0.638, 95% CI: 0.535, 0.759) were lower for those delivered in health institutions compared with those delivered at home.
conclusionsThroughout the survey years from 2000 to 2016, newborn children had higher mortality rates compared with infants and toddlers, and significant spatial variations were observed across different zones in Ethiopia. Factors such as child's sex, age of mother, religion, birth size, sex of household head, place of delivery, birth type, antenatal care, wealth index, spatial autocovariate, Demographic and Health Survey year, place of residence and region were found to be significant in influencing the death of under-5 children in Ethiopia. Overall, there has been a decreasing trend in the proportion of under-5 child mortality over the four survey years in Ethiopia.
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