ArticlePreventive medicine2023
Polysubstance use by sexual identity among US adults, 2021.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substance Use Patterns Across the Sexual Identity Spectrum Among U.S. Individuals.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- How do substance and polysubstance use trajectories differ by sexual attraction from ages 17 to 24? A community-based longitudinal cohort study in Switzerland.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Disproportionate use of polysubstance combinations varies by sexual identity among US adults.PloS one · 2026Article
- Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Polysubstance Use Among Online Help-Seeking Sexual and Gender Minoritized People in San Francisco From 2022 to 2025: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, and polysubstance use disparities among sexual identity groups of US young adult women and men.Addictive behaviors reports · 2024Article
- Higher prevalence of polysubstance use among older lesbian, and gay US adults.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveUnderstanding polysubstance use among US sexual minority adults is important to serve as a population-level baseline to promote health equity around substance use prevention and public health strategies. This study quantifies the number of substances used by sexual identity among US adults.
methodsWe used the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and included adults (aged ≥18) (unweighted n = 47,291). We conducted multivariable Poisson regression models to examine the number of substances used in the past year (count variable; range: 0-18) by sexual identity ("heterosexual", "gay/lesbian", "bisexual", "unknown" [don't know, refused, blank]), after adjusting for covariates (i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity, income level, education level, having insurance status, living in urban area, past-year distress level (Kessler-6), any drug or alcohol use disorder in the past year, and sexual attraction).
resultsOf the total sample (51.4% were female, 12.1% were non-Hispanic Black and 17.0% were Hispanic adults), 88.3% were heterosexual, 2.4% were gay/lesbian, 5.0% were bisexual adults, and 4.3% reported "unknown" sexual identity. After adjusting for covariates, a greater number of substances were used in the past year among gay/lesbian individuals (aIRR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.75), bisexual individuals (aIRR =1.34, 95% CI = 1.26, 1.41), and individuals reporting an "unknown" sexual identity (aIRR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.36) (vs. heterosexual adults).
conclusionsTailored substance use prevention and public health strategies specializing in sexual minority populations are warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.