ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2023
Association of Redlining and Natural Environment with Depressive Symptoms in Women in the Sister Study.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Revisiting 'environmental effects': Directions for multidisciplinary investigations of air quality and psychopathology.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Identifying genome-by-childhood trauma interactions for depression using a forest-based approach in the UK Biobank and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Connecting Past to Present: Does Historical Redlining Affect Current Life Expectancy?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- A Quasi-Experimental Study: Social Support in Group Prenatal Care's Impact on Postpartum Depression in Black and Hispanic Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Association Between Polymorphisms in Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene (ESR1) and Depression: A Genome-Wide Association Study of All of Us and UK Biobank Data.Genetic epidemiology · 2025Article
- Green spaces exposure and the risk of common psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Invited Perspective: Forging a Way Forward Amid the Enduring Impacts of Redlining.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
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Abstract
backgroundImproving mental health is recognized as an important factor for achieving global development goals. Despite strong evidence that neighborhood greenery promotes better mental health, there are environmental justice concerns over the distribution of neighborhood greenery. Underlying these concerns are present-day consequences of historical discriminatory financial investment practices, such as redlining which was established by the U.S. Federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s. The impacts of redlining on environmental and health disparities have been researched extensively. However, the influences of redlining on the associations between neighborhood environment and health outcomes have not been fully assessed.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to examine whether associations between residential tree cover and depressive symptoms vary across areas subject to HOLC practices.
methodsDepressive symptoms were defined by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale collected during the period 2008-2012 for 3,555 women in the Sister Study cohort residing in cities subject to HOLC practices across the United States. HOLC rating maps were obtained from the Mapping Inequality Project, University of Richmond, with neighborhoods graded as A (best for financial investment, green), B (still desirable, blue), C (declining, yellow), and D (hazardous, red-known as redlined). Tree cover within
resultsTree cover was significantly higher in neighborhoods with better HOLC grades. A 10% increase in tree cover was associated with reduced odds of depressive symptoms for the full study population, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88, 0.99], and 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) for DISCUSSION: Findings support a remediation strategy focused on neighborhood greenery that would address multiple public health priorities, including mental health and environmental justice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12212.
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