ReviewChild psychiatry and human development2025
Gender and Age Differences in ADHD Symptoms and Co-occurring Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents in the BELLA Study.
Review in Child psychiatry and human development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychiatric difficulties in females with fragile X syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analyses.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Sex differences in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a literature review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Implications of cooccurring ADHD for the cognitive behavioural treatment of anxiety in autistic children.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Trial
- Daily supplementation with lemon verbena extract decreases subjective energy and parental reports of hyperactivity in children displaying sub-clinical attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-type behaviours: A randomised controlled trial.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Boys Score Higher Everywhere? Gender Differences in Parent-Reported ADHD Symptoms Across Age Groups and Four Countries.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- The combined ADHD profile faces the greatest risk of delay, depletion and disengagement in university students.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Dosing and Discontinuation of Methylphenidate Medication in Relation to Weight Status in Children and Adolescents.Paediatric drugs · 2026Article
- Biomarkers and Neuropsychological Tools in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: From Subjectivity to Precision Diagnosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Personality Traits in Adolescents with ADHD: Insights into Dimension Evaluation and Clinical Implications Using the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 Questionnaire.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Gender identity and its impact on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder manifestations: Challenges in diagnosis and assessment.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Genetic Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Sarcopenia: A Bidirectional Two-Sample, Two-Step Mendelian Randomized Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review of Outcomes, Comorbidities, and Alternative Behavioral Interventions in Adolescent and Adult Women with ADHD.International journal of women's health · 2025Review
- Incremental Validity of ADHD Dimensions in the Predictions of Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, and Peer Problems in Adolescents Based on Parent, Teacher, and Self-Ratings.Pediatric reports · 2024Article
- Camouflaging in neurodivergent and neurotypical girls at the transition to adolescence and its relationship to mental health: A participatory methods research study.JCPP advances · 2024Article
- The Development and Content Validation of a Clinical Screening Scale to Identify Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cases Based on the Gender Perspective: An e-Delphi Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Repeated Sulforaphane Treatment Reverses Depressive-like Behavior and Exerts Antioxidant Effects in the Olfactory Bulbectomy Model in Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence of co-occurring conditions among youths receiving treatment with primary anxiety, ADHD, or depressive disorder diagnoses.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. Current studies addressing gender and age differences in ADHD are lacking. The present study aims to fill this research gap by dimensionally evaluating gender and age differences in ADHD symptoms, as measured by a DSM-5-based parent rating scale, in children and adolescents who participated in the two-year follow-up of the community-based BELLA study (n = 1326). Associations between ADHD symptoms and depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms were also examined. Multiple linear regressions revealed significant associations between gender and all ADHD symptoms. Age was significantly associated with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. Additional multiple linear regressions demonstrated significant positive associations between depression and anxiety symptoms and ADHD symptoms. Further, female gender was found to be positively associated with both depression and anxiety symptoms. These findings may suggest a need for more gender-specific approaches to ADHD diagnosis and treatment, as well as more research into the intersections of ADHD and depression and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents.
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