ArticleThe British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science2024
Adverse childhood experiences and psychological functioning among women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: population-based study.
Article in The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse childhood experiences and psychiatric outcomes among women with schizophrenia and depression in Singapore.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Effects of adverse childhood experiences on behavior in adolescence: Insights from brain imaging and genetic risk.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Psychological and behavioral mechanisms linking childhood trauma profiles to voice-related distress in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: latent class, mediation, and conditional process analyses.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Joint effects of childhood adversity and genetic risk for psychosis on psychopathology in the UK Biobank.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences : A Cross-Sectional Study among Inpatients at Ndera Neuropsychiatric Teaching Hospital in Rwanda.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2026Article
- Association Between Maternal Genome-Wide Polygenic Scores for Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Adverse Perinatal Events: A Danish Population-Based Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Epigenetics factors in schizophrenia: future directions for etiologic and therapeutic study approaches.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Review
- Adverse childhood experiences, mental distress, and autoimmune disease in adult women: findings from two large cohort studies.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Global Burden of Schizophrenia Among Women of Reproductive Age from 1990 to 2021: Trends, Inequalities, and Projections to 2040.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Type of cycle, temperament and childhood trauma are associated with lithium response in patients with bipolar disorders.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-known risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
aimsThe aim was to study the associations between specific ACEs and psychological functioning in women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
methodAmong 29 367 women (mean age 44 years) from the Icelandic Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) study, 534 (1.8%, mean age 40) reported having been diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, which were combined to 'severe mental disorders'. Participants reported on 13 types of ACEs, childhood deprivation and psychological functioning (defined as coping ability and current symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances). Adjusted Poisson regression calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) between ACEs and severe mental disorders. Linear regression assessed the association between ACEs and psychological functioning among women with a severe mental disorder.
resultsWomen with a severe mental disorder reported more ACEs (mean 4.57, s.d. = 2.82) than women without (mean 2.51, s.d. = 2.34) in a dose-dependent manner (fully-adjusted PR = 1.23 per ACE, 95% CI 1.20-1.27). After mutual adjustment for other ACEs, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, mental illness of a household member, emotional neglect, bullying and collective violence were associated with severe mental disorders. Among women with severe mental disorders, a higher number of ACEs was associated with increased symptom burden of depression (β = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.19-4.38) and anxiety (β = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.99-3.09) including poorer sleep quality (β = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.07-1.59). Findings were similar for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder separately.
conclusionWomen with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder show a strong history of ACEs, which may interfere with their psychological functioning and, therefore, need to be addressed as part of their treatment, for example, with trauma-focused psychotherapy.
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