ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Immune checkpoint blockade induced shifts in cytokine expression patterns in peripheral blood of head and neck cancer patients are linked to outcome.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Future investigative directions for novel therapeutic targets in head and neck cancer.Expert review of anticancer therapy · 2024Review
- Outcome Disparities in Patients with Early-Stage Laryngeal Cancer Depending on Localization, Tobacco Consumption, and Treatment Modality.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Suppression of MCP-1, IFN-γ and IL-6 production of HNSCCFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) of programmed-death-1 (PD-1) with pembrolizumab or nivolumab is approved for treating recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). NadiHN and ADRISK are phase IIB trials investigating in locally advanced (LA) HNSCC having low or high risk of recurrence the potential benefits from adding nivolumab to post-operative radiotherapy or pembrolizumab to cisplatin-based radio-chemotherapy. Methods: Along five randomized controlled ICB trials including NadiHN and ADRISK, blood samples were taken before and after starting ICB in Results: We detected huge heterogeneity between cytokine patterns in pre-and post-ICB plasma and serum. We observed high correlation between concentrations of some cytokines. Despite absent systematic OS differences after ICB with pembrolizumab or nivolumab or between LA-HNSCC versus R/M HNSCC patients, we noticed improved outcome of patients having lower IFN-γ concentrations pre- and post-ICB and following ICB reduced concentrations of VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8 but not MCP-1. Contrarily, increases in IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF levels correlated with impaired outcome. Multivariate Cox regression revealed five independent OS predictors among cytokines; using natural logarithms of their hazard ratios to estimate an individual's risk of dying, three cytokine-expression pattern (CEP)-risk groups with no death within mean (95% confidence interval) follow-up of 29.2 (22.1-36.2) months and median OS of 11.3 (8.8-13.8) and 2.9 (0.4-5.4) months were found. Conclusion: Whereas individual pre- or post-ICB cytokine concentrations in serum or plasma alone failed to predict the survivor group, CEP-risk groups may support the identification of individual patients with long-lasting benefit from ICB.
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