ArticleChild and adolescent psychiatry and mental health2023
Self-regulation facets differentially predict internalizing symptom trajectories from middle childhood to early adolescence: a longitudinal multimethod study.
Article in Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emotion regulation in children and adolescents: a systematic review and quality assessment of behavioral and physiological assessment methods and their theoretical foundations.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Predicting psychopathology symptom trajectories using machine learning: a 33-year prospective study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- The Nonlinear Interaction Effects of Negative Emotions and Self-Control on Developmental Trajectories of Early Adolescents' Internalizing Problems.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Relationships among Life Awe, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Adolescents: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- The Longitudinal Relationship Between Self-Reported Executive Function and Mental Health in Early Adolescence.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Orienteering and adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms: indirect associations via psychological resilience and moderation by ADHD symptoms.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Late adolescent outcomes of childhood trajectories of internalizing symptoms: an 8-year follow-up of depressive and anxiety symptoms and cognitive, emotion- and behavior-related self-regulation facets.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- From childhood to adolescence: Development of binge eating and the prospective role of self-regulation.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundInternalizing symptoms are among the most common psychological symptoms in childhood and adolescence, are highly stable and can cause severe impairment. Current research discusses lower capacities of self-regulation (SR) as risk factors for the development of internalizing symptoms. The present study identifies trajectories of internalizing symptoms in the transition phase from middle childhood to adolescence and examines multiple SR facets as predictors of potentially unfavorable trajectories, also in the presence of other established risk factors.
methodsThe study utilized a community sample of N = 1453 (52.2% female) German children, who provided data at up to three measurement points (t1: 6-11 years, t2: 7-11 years, t3: 9-13 years). Trajectories of internalizing symptoms were based on parents' ratings of the emotional problems scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. SR facets were assessed using multiple methods and informants. Two multinomial regression analyses were conducted to predict class membership by (1) SR facets and gender and (2) SR facets, gender, and other established risk factors (education status, family adversity, peer problems).
resultsUsing growth mixture modelling, we identified three trajectory classes with stable low (n = 1200), increasing (n = 124), and early high decreasing internalizing symptoms (n = 129). In the regression analysis controlling for risk factors, membership in the increasing trajectory was significantly predicted by higher emotional reactivity (OR = 2.65, p < .001), higher cognitive flexibility/set-shifting (OR = 1.48, p = .032), and higher family adversity (OR = 1.38, p = .046). Membership in the early high decreasing trajectory was significantly predicted by higher emotional reactivity (OR = 4.15, p < .001), higher inhibitory control (OR = 1.47, p = .045), lower working-memory updating (OR = 0.69, p = .016), lower delay of gratification (OR = 0.75, p = .028), and higher family adversity (OR = 1.63, p = .001).
conclusionsSR facets incrementally and differentially predict potentially unfavorable trajectories of internalizing symptoms from age 6 to 13, surpassing the predictive value of gender or education status. Higher emotional reactivity emerged as the most influential factor, which could therefore be addressed in future prevention and intervention efforts.
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