ArticleBMJ open2023
Childbirth self-efficacy and fear of childbirth and their predictors in adolescent and adult pregnant women referring to health centres of Urmia-Iran: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Factors Associated With Low Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy Among High-Risk Pregnant Women.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2026Article
- Effect of a trauma-informed care training program for a community care team working for young pregnant women: a longitudinal study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Factors associated with fear of childbirth among pregnant adolescents in Northeastern Thailand: A cross-sectional study.European journal of midwifery · 2026Article
- The Effectiveness of a Prenatal Educational Programme on Fear of Childbirth Among Primigravida Women:Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2026Article
- Regression model of fear of childbirth in pregnant women.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The effectiveness of nurse-led antenatal education on maternal self-efficacy: an evidence-based approach.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Fear of Childbirth and Prenatal Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
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3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectiveAdolescent pregnancy as a growing phenomenon in the world has been investigated from different aspects. However, the examination of childbirth fear and self-efficacy has received less attention. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the self-efficacy and fear of childbirth and to determine their predictors in adolescent and adult pregnant women.
designIn this comparative cross-sectional study, participants were selected through two-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory and Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire. The Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, and general linear model were used for data analysis.
settingUrmia health centres, Iran in 2020.
participantsThree hundred and sixty adults and adolescent pregnant women.
resultsThe mean (SD) of fear of childbirth was 114.7 (14.1) and 108.1 (23.1) in adolescent and adult pregnant women, respectively. The mean (SD) of childbirth self-efficacy in the active phase and the second stage of labour respectively were also obtained 208.8 (28.6) and 203.5 (32.1) for adolescent pregnant women and 213.8 (25.7) and 212.0 (26.5) for adult ones. There was a significant difference between adolescent and adult pregnant women in fear of childbirth (p=0.001), self-efficacy expectancy (p=0.003) and total childbirth self-efficacy (p=0.008) in the second stage of labour. After adjusting the sociodemographic characteristics, the mean score of fear of childbirth was significantly higher in adolescent pregnant women than in adult ones whereas the mean total self-efficacy score in the second stage of labour was significantly lower in adolescent pregnant women than in adult ones.
conclusionThis study showed that adolescent pregnant women had more fear of childbirth and low self-efficacy than adult mothers, and there was also a relationship between fear of childbirth and self-efficacy. Paying more attention to fear and self-efficacy in childbirth and their predictors by health providers can improve pregnancy and childbirth outcomes.
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