Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37846479›Full record

ArticleAutism : the international journal of research and practice2024

Barriers to healthcare and a 'triple empathy problem' may lead to adverse outcomes for autistic adults: A qualitative study.

Sebastian Ck Shaw, Laura Carravallah, Mona Johnson, Jane O'Sullivan, Nicholas Chown, Stuart Neilson, Mary Doherty

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Feasibility Study of a Novel App-Based Anxiety Intervention for Autistic People.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Understanding eye care access for autistic adults and families: A convergent mixed-methods study.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. The healthcare experiences of middle and older age autistic women in the United Kingdom.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sebastian Ck ShawBrighton and Sussex Medical School, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9597-7436
Laura CarravallahMichigan State University, USA.
Mona JohnsonNHS Digital, UK.
Jane O'SullivanCork University Hospital, Ireland.
Nicholas ChownLondon South Bank University, UK.
Stuart NeilsonIndependent Researcher, Ireland.
Mary DohertyBrighton and Sussex Medical School, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6995-3745

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

lay abstractAutistic people live with more mental and physical health conditions and, on average, die younger than non-autistic people. Despite widespread commitments to tackling these issues, autistic people still report various barriers to accessing healthcare. This article aims to explore the area in depth, from the perspective of autistic people. This research benefits from being led by autistic people, for autistic people - all of the researchers are autistic, and most of us are also medical doctors. Data, in the form of written comments and stories, were collected as part of a large survey. Here, we explored these for common themes and possible deeper meaning within the experiences. People who took part reported a variety of barriers. Here, our article gives voice to their stories, in their own words. Themes included: early barriers; communication mismatch; doubt - in oneself and from doctors; helplessness and fear; and healthcare avoidance and adverse health outcomes. Our findings allowed us to create a model that aimed to understand and explain the reported barriers in the context of the previously known consequences. We also built on wider autism theories to explain our findings in more depth.

Indexed as

Autistic DisorderEmpathyHealth Services AccessibilityQualitative ResearchAdultCommunicationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhysician-Patient RelationsYoung Adultadultsautismautisticepistemic injusticehealthcarehealth servicesinsider researchminority stress theoryqualitative researchtriple empathy problem

Identifiers

PMID37846479
PMCPMC11191657

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.