ReviewBJPsych open2023
The role of oestrogen therapy in reducing risk of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review.
Review in BJPsych open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-Omics Integration and Causal Inference Identify HSD17B1 as a Potential Nobiletin Target Linking Neurosteroid Metabolism to Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Estradiol ameliorates AD pathology and cognitive deficits by SORLA-mediated APP endosomal trafficking.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Resolving Heterogeneity in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and its Progression Using Multimodal Data.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Hippocampal neural circuit mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease revealed by viral-genetic circuit mapping.Neurobiology of disease · 2025Review
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- Article
- Estradiol improves behavior in FAD transgenic mice that expressFrontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The novel estrogen receptor beta agonist EGX358 andFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Sex Difference in the Association between Prior Fracture and Subsequent Risk of Incident Dementia: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies have shown a relationship between oestrogen and Alzheimer's disease. However, there is neither clear nor strong evidence on the use of oestrogen-only therapy in reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
aimsTo assess the effects of oestrogen-only therapy on reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
methodInclusion criteria was determined with the PICO framework. Outcome was cognitive function measured by neuropsychological tests and strict protocols. Exclusion criteria included non-Alzheimer's dementia, progesterone-only therapy and pre-menopausal women. Searches were conducted in nine electronic healthcare databases, last searched in July 2022. Quality assessments conducted on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were performed with the GRADE assessment, and cohort studies and case-control studies were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Extracted data were used to analyse participants, interventions and outcomes.
resultsTwenty-four studies satisfied the search criteria (four RCTs, nine cohort studies, 11 case-control studies). Fifteen studies showed positive associations for oestrogen-only therapy reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease, and the remaining nine found no evidence of association.
conclusionsFifteen studies showed that oestrogen-only therapy effectively reduced the risk of Alzheimer's disease, whereas nine showed no correlation. Studies also investigated oestrogen-related variables such as length of oestrogen exposure, being an apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and their role in neuroprotection. This review was limited by the limited ranges of duration of oestrogen treatment and type of oestrogen-only therapy used. In conclusion, oestrogen-only therapy has potential for use in preventing Alzheimer's disease, although current evidence is inconclusive and requires further study.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.